- All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable
,Comparable<Integer>
,Constable
,ConstantDesc
Integer
class wraps a value of the primitive type
int
in an object. An object of type Integer
contains a single field whose type is int
.
In addition, this class provides several methods for converting
an int
to a String
and a String
to an
int
, as well as other constants and methods useful when
dealing with an int
.
This is a value-based class; programmers should treat instances that are equal as interchangeable and should not use instances for synchronization, or unpredictable behavior may occur. For example, in a future release, synchronization may fail.
Implementation note: The implementations of the "bit twiddling"
methods (such as highestOneBit
and
numberOfTrailingZeros
) are
based on material from Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s Hacker's
Delight, (Addison Wesley, 2002).
- Since:
- 1.0
- See Also:
-
Field Summary
Modifier and TypeFieldDescriptionstatic final int
The number of bytes used to represent anint
value in two's complement binary form.static final int
A constant holding the maximum value anint
can have, 231-1.static final int
A constant holding the minimum value anint
can have, -231.static final int
The number of bits used to represent anint
value in two's complement binary form.TheClass
instance representing the primitive typeint
. -
Constructor Summary
ConstructorDescriptionInteger
(int value) Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor.Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. -
Method Summary
Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionstatic int
bitCount
(int i) Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value.byte
Returns the value of thisInteger
as abyte
after a narrowing primitive conversion.static int
compare
(int x, int y) Compares twoint
values numerically.int
Compares twoInteger
objects numerically.static int
compareUnsigned
(int x, int y) Compares twoint
values numerically treating the values as unsigned.static int
compress
(int i, int mask) Returns the value obtained by compressing the bits of the specifiedint
value,i
, in accordance with the specified bit mask.static Integer
Decodes aString
into anInteger
.Returns anOptional
containing the nominal descriptor for this instance, which is the instance itself.static int
divideUnsigned
(int dividend, int divisor) Returns the unsigned quotient of dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.double
Returns the value of thisInteger
as adouble
after a widening primitive conversion.boolean
Compares this object to the specified object.static int
expand
(int i, int mask) Returns the value obtained by expanding the bits of the specifiedint
value,i
, in accordance with the specified bit mask.float
Returns the value of thisInteger
as afloat
after a widening primitive conversion.static Integer
getInteger
(String nm) Determines the integer value of the system property with the specified name.static Integer
getInteger
(String nm, int val) Determines the integer value of the system property with the specified name.static Integer
getInteger
(String nm, Integer val) Returns the integer value of the system property with the specified name.int
hashCode()
Returns a hash code for thisInteger
.static int
hashCode
(int value) Returns a hash code for anint
value; compatible withInteger.hashCode()
.static int
highestOneBit
(int i) Returns anint
value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the specifiedint
value.int
intValue()
Returns the value of thisInteger
as anint
.long
Returns the value of thisInteger
as along
after a widening primitive conversion.static int
lowestOneBit
(int i) Returns anint
value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the specifiedint
value.static int
max
(int a, int b) Returns the greater of twoint
values as if by callingMath.max
.static int
min
(int a, int b) Returns the smaller of twoint
values as if by callingMath.min
.static int
numberOfLeadingZeros
(int i) Returns the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value.static int
numberOfTrailingZeros
(int i) Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value.static int
parseInt
(CharSequence s, int beginIndex, int endIndex, int radix) Parses theCharSequence
argument as a signedint
in the specifiedradix
, beginning at the specifiedbeginIndex
and extending toendIndex - 1
.static int
Parses the string argument as a signed decimal integer.static int
Parses the string argument as a signed integer in the radix specified by the second argument.static int
parseUnsignedInt
(CharSequence s, int beginIndex, int endIndex, int radix) Parses theCharSequence
argument as an unsignedint
in the specifiedradix
, beginning at the specifiedbeginIndex
and extending toendIndex - 1
.static int
Parses the string argument as an unsigned decimal integer.static int
parseUnsignedInt
(String s, int radix) Parses the string argument as an unsigned integer in the radix specified by the second argument.static int
remainderUnsigned
(int dividend, int divisor) Returns the unsigned remainder from dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.Resolves this instance as aConstantDesc
, the result of which is the instance itself.static int
reverse
(int i) Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value.static int
reverseBytes
(int i) Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specifiedint
value.static int
rotateLeft
(int i, int distance) Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value left by the specified number of bits.static int
rotateRight
(int i, int distance) Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value right by the specified number of bits.short
Returns the value of thisInteger
as ashort
after a narrowing primitive conversion.static int
signum
(int i) Returns the signum function of the specifiedint
value.static int
sum
(int a, int b) Adds two integers together as per the + operator.static String
toBinaryString
(int i) Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 2.static String
toHexString
(int i) Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 16.static String
toOctalString
(int i) Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 8.toString()
Returns aString
object representing thisInteger
's value.static String
toString
(int i) Returns aString
object representing the specified integer.static String
toString
(int i, int radix) Returns a string representation of the first argument in the radix specified by the second argument.static long
toUnsignedLong
(int x) Converts the argument to along
by an unsigned conversion.static String
toUnsignedString
(int i) Returns a string representation of the argument as an unsigned decimal value.static String
toUnsignedString
(int i, int radix) Returns a string representation of the first argument as an unsigned integer value in the radix specified by the second argument.static Integer
valueOf
(int i) Returns anInteger
instance representing the specifiedint
value.static Integer
Returns anInteger
object holding the value of the specifiedString
.static Integer
Returns anInteger
object holding the value extracted from the specifiedString
when parsed with the radix given by the second argument.
-
Field Details
-
MIN_VALUE
A constant holding the minimum value anint
can have, -231.- See Also:
-
MAX_VALUE
A constant holding the maximum value anint
can have, 231-1.- See Also:
-
TYPE
-
SIZE
The number of bits used to represent anint
value in two's complement binary form.- Since:
- 1.5
- See Also:
-
BYTES
public static final int BYTESThe number of bytes used to represent anint
value in two's complement binary form.- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
-
-
Constructor Details
-
Integer
Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. The static factoryvalueOf(int)
is generally a better choice, as it is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance.Constructs a newly allocatedInteger
object that represents the specifiedint
value.- Parameters:
value
- the value to be represented by theInteger
object.
-
Integer
Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. UseparseInt(String)
to convert a string to aint
primitive, or usevalueOf(String)
to convert a string to anInteger
object.Constructs a newly allocatedInteger
object that represents theint
value indicated by theString
parameter. The string is converted to anint
value in exactly the manner used by theparseInt
method for radix 10.- Parameters:
s
- theString
to be converted to anInteger
.- Throws:
NumberFormatException
- if theString
does not contain a parsable integer.
-
-
Method Details
-
toString
Returns a string representation of the first argument in the radix specified by the second argument.If the radix is smaller than
Character.MIN_RADIX
or larger thanCharacter.MAX_RADIX
, then the radix10
is used instead.If the first argument is negative, the first element of the result is the ASCII minus character
'-'
('\u002D'
). If the first argument is not negative, no sign character appears in the result.The remaining characters of the result represent the magnitude of the first argument. If the magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character
'0'
('\u0030'
); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the magnitude will not be the zero character. The following ASCII characters are used as digits:0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
'\u0030'
through'\u0039'
and'\u0061'
through'\u007A'
. Ifradix
is N, then the first N of these characters are used as radix-N digits in the order shown. Thus, the digits for hexadecimal (radix 16) are0123456789abcdef
. If uppercase letters are desired, theString.toUpperCase()
method may be called on the result:Integer.toString(n, 16).toUpperCase()
- Parameters:
i
- an integer to be converted to a string.radix
- the radix to use in the string representation.- Returns:
- a string representation of the argument in the specified radix.
- See Also:
-
toUnsignedString
Returns a string representation of the first argument as an unsigned integer value in the radix specified by the second argument.If the radix is smaller than
Character.MIN_RADIX
or larger thanCharacter.MAX_RADIX
, then the radix10
is used instead.Note that since the first argument is treated as an unsigned value, no leading sign character is printed.
If the magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character
'0'
('\u0030'
); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the magnitude will not be the zero character.The behavior of radixes and the characters used as digits are the same as
toString
.- Parameters:
i
- an integer to be converted to an unsigned string.radix
- the radix to use in the string representation.- Returns:
- an unsigned string representation of the argument in the specified radix.
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
-
toHexString
Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 16.The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 232 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in hexadecimal (base 16) with no extra leading
0
s.The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned string
s
by callingInteger.parseUnsignedInt(s, 16)
.If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character
'0'
('\u0030'
); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The following characters are used as hexadecimal digits:0123456789abcdef
'\u0030'
through'\u0039'
and'\u0061'
through'\u0066'
. If uppercase letters are desired, theString.toUpperCase()
method may be called on the result:Integer.toHexString(n).toUpperCase()
- API Note:
- The
HexFormat
class provides formatting and parsing of byte arrays and primitives to return a string or adding to anAppendable
.HexFormat
formats and parses uppercase or lowercase hexadecimal characters, with leading zeros and for byte arrays includes for each byte a delimiter, prefix, and suffix. - Parameters:
i
- an integer to be converted to a string.- Returns:
- the string representation of the unsigned integer value represented by the argument in hexadecimal (base 16).
- Since:
- 1.0.2
- See Also:
-
toOctalString
Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 8.The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 232 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in octal (base 8) with no extra leading
0
s.The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned string
s
by callingInteger.parseUnsignedInt(s, 8)
.If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character
'0'
('\u0030'
); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The following characters are used as octal digits:01234567
'\u0030'
through'\u0037'
.- Parameters:
i
- an integer to be converted to a string.- Returns:
- the string representation of the unsigned integer value represented by the argument in octal (base 8).
- Since:
- 1.0.2
- See Also:
-
toBinaryString
Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an unsigned integer in base 2.The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 232 if the argument is negative; otherwise it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in binary (base 2) with no extra leading
0
s.The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned string
s
by callingInteger.parseUnsignedInt(s, 2)
.If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character
'0'
('\u0030'
); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The characters'0'
('\u0030'
) and'1'
('\u0031'
) are used as binary digits.- Parameters:
i
- an integer to be converted to a string.- Returns:
- the string representation of the unsigned integer value represented by the argument in binary (base 2).
- Since:
- 1.0.2
- See Also:
-
toString
Returns aString
object representing the specified integer. The argument is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the argument and radix 10 were given as arguments to thetoString(int, int)
method.- Parameters:
i
- an integer to be converted.- Returns:
- a string representation of the argument in base 10.
-
toUnsignedString
Returns a string representation of the argument as an unsigned decimal value. The argument is converted to unsigned decimal representation and returned as a string exactly as if the argument and radix 10 were given as arguments to thetoUnsignedString(int, int)
method.- Parameters:
i
- an integer to be converted to an unsigned string.- Returns:
- an unsigned string representation of the argument.
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
-
parseInt
Parses the string argument as a signed integer in the radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by whetherCharacter.digit(char, int)
returns a nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign'-'
('\u002D'
) to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign'+'
('\u002B'
) to indicate a positive value. The resulting integer value is returned.An exception of type
NumberFormatException
is thrown if any of the following situations occurs:- The first argument is
null
or is a string of length zero. - The radix is either smaller than
Character.MIN_RADIX
or larger thanCharacter.MAX_RADIX
. - Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified
radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign
'-'
('\u002D'
) or plus sign'+'
('\u002B'
) provided that the string is longer than length 1. - The value represented by the string is not a value of type
int
.
Examples:
parseInt("0", 10) returns 0 parseInt("473", 10) returns 473 parseInt("+42", 10) returns 42 parseInt("-0", 10) returns 0 parseInt("-FF", 16) returns -255 parseInt("1100110", 2) returns 102 parseInt("2147483647", 10) returns 2147483647 parseInt("-2147483648", 10) returns -2147483648 parseInt("2147483648", 10) throws a NumberFormatException parseInt("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException parseInt("Kona", 10) throws a NumberFormatException parseInt("Kona", 27) returns 411787
- Parameters:
s
- theString
containing the integer representation to be parsedradix
- the radix to be used while parsings
.- Returns:
- the integer represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
- Throws:
NumberFormatException
- if theString
does not contain a parsableint
.
- The first argument is
-
parseInt
public static int parseInt(CharSequence s, int beginIndex, int endIndex, int radix) throws NumberFormatException Parses theCharSequence
argument as a signedint
in the specifiedradix
, beginning at the specifiedbeginIndex
and extending toendIndex - 1
.The method does not take steps to guard against the
CharSequence
being mutated while parsing.- Parameters:
s
- theCharSequence
containing theint
representation to be parsedbeginIndex
- the beginning index, inclusive.endIndex
- the ending index, exclusive.radix
- the radix to be used while parsings
.- Returns:
- the signed
int
represented by the subsequence in the specified radix. - Throws:
NullPointerException
- ifs
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- ifbeginIndex
is negative, or ifbeginIndex
is greater thanendIndex
or ifendIndex
is greater thans.length()
.NumberFormatException
- if theCharSequence
does not contain a parsableint
in the specifiedradix
, or ifradix
is either smaller thanCharacter.MIN_RADIX
or larger thanCharacter.MAX_RADIX
.- Since:
- 9
-
parseInt
Parses the string argument as a signed decimal integer. The characters in the string must all be decimal digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign'-'
('\u002D'
) to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign'+'
('\u002B'
) to indicate a positive value. The resulting integer value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to theparseInt(java.lang.String, int)
method.- Parameters:
s
- aString
containing theint
representation to be parsed- Returns:
- the integer value represented by the argument in decimal.
- Throws:
NumberFormatException
- if the string does not contain a parsable integer.
-
parseUnsignedInt
Parses the string argument as an unsigned integer in the radix specified by the second argument. An unsigned integer maps the values usually associated with negative numbers to positive numbers larger thanMAX_VALUE
. The characters in the string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by whetherCharacter.digit(char, int)
returns a nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an ASCII plus sign'+'
('\u002B'
). The resulting integer value is returned.An exception of type
NumberFormatException
is thrown if any of the following situations occurs:- The first argument is
null
or is a string of length zero. - The radix is either smaller than
Character.MIN_RADIX
or larger thanCharacter.MAX_RADIX
. - Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified
radix, except that the first character may be a plus sign
'+'
('\u002B'
) provided that the string is longer than length 1. - The value represented by the string is larger than the
largest unsigned
int
, 232-1.
- Parameters:
s
- theString
containing the unsigned integer representation to be parsedradix
- the radix to be used while parsings
.- Returns:
- the integer represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
- Throws:
NumberFormatException
- if theString
does not contain a parsableint
.- Since:
- 1.8
- The first argument is
-
parseUnsignedInt
public static int parseUnsignedInt(CharSequence s, int beginIndex, int endIndex, int radix) throws NumberFormatException Parses theCharSequence
argument as an unsignedint
in the specifiedradix
, beginning at the specifiedbeginIndex
and extending toendIndex - 1
.The method does not take steps to guard against the
CharSequence
being mutated while parsing.- Parameters:
s
- theCharSequence
containing the unsignedint
representation to be parsedbeginIndex
- the beginning index, inclusive.endIndex
- the ending index, exclusive.radix
- the radix to be used while parsings
.- Returns:
- the unsigned
int
represented by the subsequence in the specified radix. - Throws:
NullPointerException
- ifs
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- ifbeginIndex
is negative, or ifbeginIndex
is greater thanendIndex
or ifendIndex
is greater thans.length()
.NumberFormatException
- if theCharSequence
does not contain a parsable unsignedint
in the specifiedradix
, or ifradix
is either smaller thanCharacter.MIN_RADIX
or larger thanCharacter.MAX_RADIX
.- Since:
- 9
-
parseUnsignedInt
Parses the string argument as an unsigned decimal integer. The characters in the string must all be decimal digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII plus sign'+'
('\u002B'
). The resulting integer value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to theparseUnsignedInt(java.lang.String, int)
method.- Parameters:
s
- aString
containing the unsignedint
representation to be parsed- Returns:
- the unsigned integer value represented by the argument in decimal.
- Throws:
NumberFormatException
- if the string does not contain a parsable unsigned integer.- Since:
- 1.8
-
valueOf
Returns anInteger
object holding the value extracted from the specifiedString
when parsed with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument is interpreted as representing a signed integer in the radix specified by the second argument, exactly as if the arguments were given to theparseInt(java.lang.String, int)
method. The result is anInteger
object that represents the integer value specified by the string.In other words, this method returns an
Integer
object equal to the value of:Integer.valueOf(Integer.parseInt(s, radix))
- Parameters:
s
- the string to be parsed.radix
- the radix to be used in interpretings
- Returns:
- an
Integer
object holding the value represented by the string argument in the specified radix. - Throws:
NumberFormatException
- if theString
does not contain a parsableint
.
-
valueOf
Returns anInteger
object holding the value of the specifiedString
. The argument is interpreted as representing a signed decimal integer, exactly as if the argument were given to theparseInt(java.lang.String)
method. The result is anInteger
object that represents the integer value specified by the string.In other words, this method returns an
Integer
object equal to the value of:Integer.valueOf(Integer.parseInt(s))
- Parameters:
s
- the string to be parsed.- Returns:
- an
Integer
object holding the value represented by the string argument. - Throws:
NumberFormatException
- if the string cannot be parsed as an integer.
-
valueOf
Returns anInteger
instance representing the specifiedint
value. If a newInteger
instance is not required, this method should generally be used in preference to the constructorInteger(int)
, as this method is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance by caching frequently requested values. This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127, inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.- Parameters:
i
- anint
value.- Returns:
- an
Integer
instance representingi
. - Since:
- 1.5
-
byteValue
public byte byteValue()Returns the value of thisInteger
as abyte
after a narrowing primitive conversion.- Overrides:
byteValue
in classNumber
- Returns:
- the numeric value represented by this object after conversion
to type
byte
. - See Java Language Specification:
-
5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversion
-
shortValue
public short shortValue()Returns the value of thisInteger
as ashort
after a narrowing primitive conversion.- Overrides:
shortValue
in classNumber
- Returns:
- the numeric value represented by this object after conversion
to type
short
. - See Java Language Specification:
-
5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversion
-
intValue
-
longValue
public long longValue()Returns the value of thisInteger
as along
after a widening primitive conversion.- Specified by:
longValue
in classNumber
- Returns:
- the numeric value represented by this object after conversion
to type
long
. - See Java Language Specification:
-
5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversion
- See Also:
-
floatValue
public float floatValue()Returns the value of thisInteger
as afloat
after a widening primitive conversion.- Specified by:
floatValue
in classNumber
- Returns:
- the numeric value represented by this object after conversion
to type
float
. - See Java Language Specification:
-
5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversion
-
doubleValue
public double doubleValue()Returns the value of thisInteger
as adouble
after a widening primitive conversion.- Specified by:
doubleValue
in classNumber
- Returns:
- the numeric value represented by this object after conversion
to type
double
. - See Java Language Specification:
-
5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversion
-
toString
Returns aString
object representing thisInteger
's value. The value is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the integer value were given as an argument to thetoString(int)
method. -
hashCode
-
hashCode
public static int hashCode(int value) Returns a hash code for anint
value; compatible withInteger.hashCode()
.- Parameters:
value
- the value to hash- Returns:
- a hash code value for an
int
value. - Since:
- 1.8
-
equals
Compares this object to the specified object. The result istrue
if and only if the argument is notnull
and is anInteger
object that contains the sameint
value as this object. -
getInteger
Determines the integer value of the system property with the specified name.The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the
System.getProperty(java.lang.String)
method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as an integer value using the grammar supported bydecode
and anInteger
object representing this value is returned.If there is no property with the specified name, if the specified name is empty or
null
, or if the property does not have the correct numeric format, thennull
is returned.In other words, this method returns an
Integer
object equal to the value of:getInteger(nm, null)
- Parameters:
nm
- property name.- Returns:
- the
Integer
value of the property. - Throws:
SecurityException
- for the same reasons asSystem.getProperty
- See Also:
-
getInteger
Determines the integer value of the system property with the specified name.The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the
System.getProperty(java.lang.String)
method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as an integer value using the grammar supported bydecode
and anInteger
object representing this value is returned.The second argument is the default value. An
Integer
object that represents the value of the second argument is returned if there is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty ornull
.In other words, this method returns an
Integer
object equal to the value of:getInteger(nm, Integer.valueOf(val))
to avoid the unnecessary allocation of anInteger result = getInteger(nm, null); return (result == null) ? Integer.valueOf(val) : result;
Integer
object when the default value is not needed.- Parameters:
nm
- property name.val
- default value.- Returns:
- the
Integer
value of the property. - Throws:
SecurityException
- for the same reasons asSystem.getProperty
- See Also:
-
getInteger
Returns the integer value of the system property with the specified name. The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through theSystem.getProperty(java.lang.String)
method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as an integer value, as per thedecode
method, and anInteger
object representing this value is returned; in summary:- If the property value begins with the two ASCII characters
0x
or the ASCII character#
, not followed by a minus sign, then the rest of it is parsed as a hexadecimal integer exactly as by the methodvalueOf(java.lang.String, int)
with radix 16. - If the property value begins with the ASCII character
0
followed by another character, it is parsed as an octal integer exactly as by the methodvalueOf(java.lang.String, int)
with radix 8. - Otherwise, the property value is parsed as a decimal integer
exactly as by the method
valueOf(java.lang.String, int)
with radix 10.
The second argument is the default value. The default value is returned if there is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty or
null
.- Parameters:
nm
- property name.val
- default value.- Returns:
- the
Integer
value of the property. - Throws:
SecurityException
- for the same reasons asSystem.getProperty
- See Also:
- If the property value begins with the two ASCII characters
-
decode
Decodes aString
into anInteger
. Accepts decimal, hexadecimal, and octal numbers given by the following grammar:- DecodableString:
- Signopt DecimalNumeral
- Signopt
0x
HexDigits- Signopt
0X
HexDigits- Signopt
#
HexDigits- Signopt
0
OctalDigits - Signopt
- Sign:
-
+
The sequence of characters following an optional sign and/or radix specifier ("
0x
", "0X
", "#
", or leading zero) is parsed as by theInteger.parseInt
method with the indicated radix (10, 16, or 8). This sequence of characters must represent a positive value or aNumberFormatException
will be thrown. The result is negated if first character of the specifiedString
is the minus sign. No whitespace characters are permitted in theString
.- Parameters:
nm
- theString
to decode.- Returns:
- an
Integer
object holding theint
value represented bynm
- Throws:
NumberFormatException
- if theString
does not contain a parsable integer.- See Also:
-
compareTo
Compares twoInteger
objects numerically.- Specified by:
compareTo
in interfaceComparable<Integer>
- Parameters:
anotherInteger
- theInteger
to be compared.- Returns:
- the value
0
if thisInteger
is equal to the argumentInteger
; a value less than0
if thisInteger
is numerically less than the argumentInteger
; and a value greater than0
if thisInteger
is numerically greater than the argumentInteger
(signed comparison). - Since:
- 1.2
-
compare
public static int compare(int x, int y) Compares twoint
values numerically. The value returned is identical to what would be returned by:Integer.valueOf(x).compareTo(Integer.valueOf(y))
- Parameters:
x
- the firstint
to comparey
- the secondint
to compare- Returns:
- the value
0
ifx == y
; a value less than0
ifx < y
; and a value greater than0
ifx > y
- Since:
- 1.7
-
compareUnsigned
public static int compareUnsigned(int x, int y) Compares twoint
values numerically treating the values as unsigned.- Parameters:
x
- the firstint
to comparey
- the secondint
to compare- Returns:
- the value
0
ifx == y
; a value less than0
ifx < y
as unsigned values; and a value greater than0
ifx > y
as unsigned values - Since:
- 1.8
-
toUnsignedLong
public static long toUnsignedLong(int x) Converts the argument to along
by an unsigned conversion. In an unsigned conversion to along
, the high-order 32 bits of thelong
are zero and the low-order 32 bits are equal to the bits of the integer argument. Consequently, zero and positiveint
values are mapped to a numerically equallong
value and negativeint
values are mapped to along
value equal to the input plus 232.- Parameters:
x
- the value to convert to an unsignedlong
- Returns:
- the argument converted to
long
by an unsigned conversion - Since:
- 1.8
-
divideUnsigned
public static int divideUnsigned(int dividend, int divisor) Returns the unsigned quotient of dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.Note that in two's complement arithmetic, the three other basic arithmetic operations of add, subtract, and multiply are bit-wise identical if the two operands are regarded as both being signed or both being unsigned. Therefore separate
addUnsigned
, etc. methods are not provided.- Parameters:
dividend
- the value to be divideddivisor
- the value doing the dividing- Returns:
- the unsigned quotient of the first argument divided by the second argument
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
-
remainderUnsigned
public static int remainderUnsigned(int dividend, int divisor) Returns the unsigned remainder from dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.- Parameters:
dividend
- the value to be divideddivisor
- the value doing the dividing- Returns:
- the unsigned remainder of the first argument divided by the second argument
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
-
highestOneBit
public static int highestOneBit(int i) Returns anint
value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the specifiedint
value. Returns zero if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement binary representation, that is, if it is equal to zero.- Parameters:
i
- the value whose highest one bit is to be computed- Returns:
- an
int
value with a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order one-bit in the specified value, or zero if the specified value is itself equal to zero. - Since:
- 1.5
-
lowestOneBit
public static int lowestOneBit(int i) Returns anint
value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the specifiedint
value. Returns zero if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement binary representation, that is, if it is equal to zero.- Parameters:
i
- the value whose lowest one bit is to be computed- Returns:
- an
int
value with a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order one-bit in the specified value, or zero if the specified value is itself equal to zero. - Since:
- 1.5
-
numberOfLeadingZeros
public static int numberOfLeadingZeros(int i) Returns the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value. Returns 32 if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement representation, in other words if it is equal to zero.Note that this method is closely related to the logarithm base 2. For all positive
int
values x:- floor(log2(x)) =
31 - numberOfLeadingZeros(x)
- ceil(log2(x)) =
32 - numberOfLeadingZeros(x - 1)
- Parameters:
i
- the value whose number of leading zeros is to be computed- Returns:
- the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order
("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation
of the specified
int
value, or 32 if the value is equal to zero. - Since:
- 1.5
- floor(log2(x)) =
-
numberOfTrailingZeros
public static int numberOfTrailingZeros(int i) Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value. Returns 32 if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement representation, in other words if it is equal to zero.- Parameters:
i
- the value whose number of trailing zeros is to be computed- Returns:
- the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost")
one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the
specified
int
value, or 32 if the value is equal to zero. - Since:
- 1.5
-
bitCount
public static int bitCount(int i) Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value. This function is sometimes referred to as the population count.- Parameters:
i
- the value whose bits are to be counted- Returns:
- the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary
representation of the specified
int
value. - Since:
- 1.5
-
rotateLeft
public static int rotateLeft(int i, int distance) Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value left by the specified number of bits. (Bits shifted out of the left hand, or high-order, side reenter on the right, or low-order.)Note that left rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to right rotation:
rotateLeft(val, -distance) == rotateRight(val, distance)
. Note also that rotation by any multiple of 32 is a no-op, so all but the last five bits of the rotation distance can be ignored, even if the distance is negative:rotateLeft(val, distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance & 0x1F)
.- Parameters:
i
- the value whose bits are to be rotated leftdistance
- the number of bit positions to rotate left- Returns:
- the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary
representation of the specified
int
value left by the specified number of bits. - Since:
- 1.5
-
rotateRight
public static int rotateRight(int i, int distance) Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value right by the specified number of bits. (Bits shifted out of the right hand, or low-order, side reenter on the left, or high-order.)Note that right rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to left rotation:
rotateRight(val, -distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance)
. Note also that rotation by any multiple of 32 is a no-op, so all but the last five bits of the rotation distance can be ignored, even if the distance is negative:rotateRight(val, distance) == rotateRight(val, distance & 0x1F)
.- Parameters:
i
- the value whose bits are to be rotated rightdistance
- the number of bit positions to rotate right- Returns:
- the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary
representation of the specified
int
value right by the specified number of bits. - Since:
- 1.5
-
reverse
public static int reverse(int i) Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specifiedint
value.- Parameters:
i
- the value to be reversed- Returns:
- the value obtained by reversing order of the bits in the
specified
int
value. - Since:
- 1.5
-
compress
public static int compress(int i, int mask) Returns the value obtained by compressing the bits of the specifiedint
value,i
, in accordance with the specified bit mask.For each one-bit value
mb
of the mask, from least significant to most significant, the bit value ofi
at the same bit location asmb
is assigned to the compressed value contiguously starting from the least significant bit location. All the upper remaining bits of the compressed value are set to zero.- API Note:
- Consider the simple case of compressing the digits of a hexadecimal
value:
// Compressing drink to food compress(0xCAFEBABE, 0xFF00FFF0) == 0xCABAB
0xFF00FFF0
selects hexadecimal digits at positions 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 of0xCAFEBABE
. The selected digits occur in the resulting compressed value contiguously from digit position 0 in the same order.The following identities all return
true
and are helpful to understand the behaviour ofcompress
:// Returns 1 if the bit at position n is one compress(x, 1 << n) == (x >> n & 1) // Logical shift right compress(x, -1 << n) == x >>> n // Any bits not covered by the mask are ignored compress(x, m) == compress(x & m, m) // Compressing a value by itself compress(m, m) == (m == -1 || m == 0) ? m : (1 << bitCount(m)) - 1 // Expanding then compressing with the same mask compress(expand(x, m), m) == x & compress(m, m)
The Sheep And Goats (SAG) operation (see Hacker's Delight, section 7.7) can be implemented as follows:
int compressLeft(int i, int mask) { // This implementation follows the description in Hacker's Delight which // is informative. A more optimal implementation is: // Integer.compress(i, mask) << -Integer.bitCount(mask) return Integer.reverse( Integer.compress(Integer.reverse(i), Integer.reverse(mask))); } int sag(int i, int mask) { return compressLeft(i, mask) | Integer.compress(i, ~mask); } // Separate the sheep from the goats sag(0xCAFEBABE, 0xFF00FFF0) == 0xCABABFEE
- Parameters:
i
- the value whose bits are to be compressedmask
- the bit mask- Returns:
- the compressed value
- Since:
- 19
- See Also:
-
expand
public static int expand(int i, int mask) Returns the value obtained by expanding the bits of the specifiedint
value,i
, in accordance with the specified bit mask.For each one-bit value
mb
of the mask, from least significant to most significant, the next contiguous bit value ofi
starting at the least significant bit is assigned to the expanded value at the same bit location asmb
. All other remaining bits of the expanded value are set to zero.- API Note:
- Consider the simple case of expanding the digits of a hexadecimal
value:
expand(0x0000CABAB, 0xFF00FFF0) == 0xCA00BAB0
0xFF00FFF0
selects the first five hexadecimal digits of0x0000CABAB
. The selected digits occur in the resulting expanded value in order at positions 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7.The following identities all return
true
and are helpful to understand the behaviour ofexpand
:// Logically shift right the bit at position 0 expand(x, 1 << n) == (x & 1) << n // Logically shift right expand(x, -1 << n) == x << n // Expanding all bits returns the mask expand(-1, m) == m // Any bits not covered by the mask are ignored expand(x, m) == expand(x, m) & m // Compressing then expanding with the same mask expand(compress(x, m), m) == x & m
The select operation for determining the position of the one-bit with index
n
in aint
value can be implemented as follows:int select(int i, int n) { // the one-bit in i (the mask) with index n int nthBit = Integer.expand(1 << n, i); // the bit position of the one-bit with index n return Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(nthBit); } // The one-bit with index 0 is at bit position 1 select(0b10101010_10101010, 0) == 1 // The one-bit with index 3 is at bit position 7 select(0b10101010_10101010, 3) == 7
- Parameters:
i
- the value whose bits are to be expandedmask
- the bit mask- Returns:
- the expanded value
- Since:
- 19
- See Also:
-
signum
public static int signum(int i) Returns the signum function of the specifiedint
value. (The return value is -1 if the specified value is negative; 0 if the specified value is zero; and 1 if the specified value is positive.)- Parameters:
i
- the value whose signum is to be computed- Returns:
- the signum function of the specified
int
value. - Since:
- 1.5
-
reverseBytes
public static int reverseBytes(int i) Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specifiedint
value.- Parameters:
i
- the value whose bytes are to be reversed- Returns:
- the value obtained by reversing the bytes in the specified
int
value. - Since:
- 1.5
-
sum
public static int sum(int a, int b) Adds two integers together as per the + operator.- Parameters:
a
- the first operandb
- the second operand- Returns:
- the sum of
a
andb
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
-
max
public static int max(int a, int b) Returns the greater of twoint
values as if by callingMath.max
.- Parameters:
a
- the first operandb
- the second operand- Returns:
- the greater of
a
andb
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
-
min
public static int min(int a, int b) Returns the smaller of twoint
values as if by callingMath.min
.- Parameters:
a
- the first operandb
- the second operand- Returns:
- the smaller of
a
andb
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
-
describeConstable
-
resolveConstantDesc
Resolves this instance as aConstantDesc
, the result of which is the instance itself.- Specified by:
resolveConstantDesc
in interfaceConstantDesc
- Parameters:
lookup
- ignored- Returns:
- the Integer instance
- Since:
- 12
-