1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 29 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 30 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 33 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 34 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 35 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 36 # 37 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 38 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 39 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 40 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 41 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 42 # 43 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 44 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 45 # 46 # Other sources occasionally used include: 47 # 48 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 49 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 50 # which I found in the UCLA library. 51 # 52 # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 53 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 54 # </a> (1914-03) 55 # 56 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 57 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 58 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 59 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 60 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 61 # 62 # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 63 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 64 # History of Summer Time 65 # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 66 67 # 68 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 69 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 70 # Corrections are welcome! 71 # std dst 2dst 72 # LMT Local Mean Time 73 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 74 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 75 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 76 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 77 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 78 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 79 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 80 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 81 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 82 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 83 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 84 # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 85 # 86 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 87 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 88 89 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 90 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 91 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 92 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 93 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 94 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 95 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 96 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 97 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 98 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 99 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 100 # ... 101 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 102 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 103 # ... 104 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 105 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 106 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 107 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 108 # in the Directive. 109 110 111 ############################################################################### 112 113 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 114 115 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 116 # 117 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 118 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 119 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 120 # of the text said: 121 # 122 # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 123 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 124 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 125 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 126 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 127 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 128 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 129 # 130 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 131 # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 132 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 133 # 134 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 135 136 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 137 # 138 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 139 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 140 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 141 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 142 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 143 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 144 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 145 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 146 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 147 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 148 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 149 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 150 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 151 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 152 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 153 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 154 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 155 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 156 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 157 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 158 # 159 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 160 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 161 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 162 163 # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 164 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 165 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 166 # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 167 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 168 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 169 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 170 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 171 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 172 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 173 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 174 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 175 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 176 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 177 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial, 178 # which is permanently set to Summer Time. 179 180 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 181 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 182 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 183 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 184 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 185 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. 186 # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 187 # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 188 # </a> 189 190 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 191 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 192 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 193 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 194 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 195 196 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 197 # 198 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 199 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 200 201 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 202 # From: Jonathan Leffler 203 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 204 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 205 # politics making a fortune, not computing. 206 207 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 208 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 209 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 210 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 211 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 212 213 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 214 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 215 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 216 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 217 218 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 219 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 220 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 221 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 222 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 223 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 224 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 225 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 226 227 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 228 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 229 # which is to be introduced in May.... 230 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 231 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 232 233 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 234 # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 235 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 236 # so we use `BDST'. 237 238 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 239 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 240 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 241 # and extending this list, which can be found in 242 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ 243 # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 244 # History of legal time in Britain 245 # </a> 246 # Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer 247 # exists, and the article can now be found at: 248 # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 249 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 250 # </a> 251 252 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 253 # 254 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 255 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech 256 # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 257 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 258 # </a>. 259 260 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 261 # 262 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 263 # 264 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 265 # are incorrect: 266 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 267 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 268 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 269 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 270 # It actually just had one transition. 271 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 272 # Actually, it conformed to Britain. 273 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 274 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 275 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 276 # 277 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 278 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 279 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 280 # conform with Great Britain. 281 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 282 # 283 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 284 # we'll ignore it for now. 285 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 286 # 287 # 288 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 289 # Shanks & Pottenger. 290 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 291 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 292 # to London. For example: 293 # 294 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 295 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses 296 297 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 298 # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 299 # various relating to legal time, for example: 300 # 301 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 302 # 303 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 304 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 305 # 306 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 307 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 308 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 309 # 310 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 311 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 312 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 313 # 314 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 315 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 316 # 317 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 318 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 319 # the laws applicable in Ireland.) 320 # 321 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 322 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 323 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 324 # being GMT+1.) 325 326 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 327 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 328 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 329 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 330 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 331 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 332 # and Frethun run in CT. 333 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 334 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 335 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 336 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 337 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 338 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 339 340 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 341 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 342 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 343 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 344 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 345 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 346 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 347 348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 349 # Summer Time Act, 1916 350 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 351 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 352 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 353 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 354 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 355 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 356 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 357 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 358 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 359 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 360 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 361 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 362 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 363 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 364 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 365 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 366 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 367 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 368 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 369 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 370 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 371 # The Summer Time Act, 1922 372 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 373 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 374 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 375 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 376 # The Summer Time Act, 1925 377 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 378 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 379 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 380 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 381 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 382 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 383 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 384 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 385 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 386 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 387 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 388 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 389 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 390 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 391 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 392 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 393 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 394 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 395 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 396 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 397 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 398 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 399 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 400 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 401 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 402 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 403 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 404 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 405 # The Summer Time Act, 1947 406 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 407 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 408 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 409 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 410 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 411 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 412 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 413 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 414 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 415 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 416 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 417 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 418 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 419 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 420 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 421 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 422 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 423 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 424 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 425 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 426 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 427 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 428 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 429 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 430 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 431 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 432 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 433 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 434 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 435 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 436 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 437 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 438 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 439 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 440 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 441 # (no summer time) 442 # The Summer Time Act, 1972 443 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 444 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 445 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 446 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 447 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 448 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 449 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 450 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 451 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 452 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 453 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 454 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 455 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 456 # See EU for rules starting in 1996. 457 458 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 459 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 460 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 461 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 462 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 463 0:00 EU GMT/BST 464 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 465 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 466 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 467 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 468 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 469 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 470 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 471 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 472 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 473 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 474 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 475 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 476 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 477 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 478 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 479 0:00 EU GMT/IST 480 481 ############################################################################### 482 483 # Europe 484 485 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 486 # Common Market, etc. 487 488 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 489 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 490 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 491 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 492 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 493 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 494 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 495 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 496 # <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 497 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 498 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 499 # </a> 500 501 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 502 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 503 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 504 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 505 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 506 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 507 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 508 509 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 510 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 511 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 512 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 513 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 514 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 515 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 516 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 517 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 518 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 519 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 520 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 521 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 522 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 523 # 524 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 525 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 526 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 527 # tz database itself, as seen below: 528 # 529 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 530 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 531 # 532 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 533 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 534 # 535 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 536 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 537 # 538 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 539 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 540 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 541 # 542 # The rule line to be changed is: 543 # 544 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 545 # 546 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 547 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 548 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 549 # affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms 550 # CET and MET: 551 # 552 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 553 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 554 # 555 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 556 # 557 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 558 # 559 # A small step for mankind though 8-) 560 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 561 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 562 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 563 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 564 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 565 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 566 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 567 568 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 569 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 570 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 571 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 572 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 573 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 574 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 575 576 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 577 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 578 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 579 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 580 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 581 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 582 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 583 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 584 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 585 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 586 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 587 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 588 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 589 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 590 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 591 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 592 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 593 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 594 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 595 # 596 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 597 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 598 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 599 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 600 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 601 602 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 603 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 604 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 605 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 606 # 607 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 608 # <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583"> 609 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 610 # </a> 611 # 612 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 613 # <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html"> 614 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 615 # </a> 616 617 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 618 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 619 # to be standard. 620 621 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 622 623 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 624 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 625 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 626 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 627 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 628 629 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 630 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 631 632 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 633 # The official German names ... are 634 # 635 # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 636 # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 637 # 638 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 639 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 640 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 641 # 642 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 643 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 644 # Postfach 3345 645 # D-38023 Braunschweig 646 # phone: +49 531 592-0 647 # 648 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 649 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 650 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 651 # 652 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 653 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 654 655 656 # Albania 657 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 658 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 659 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 660 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 661 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 662 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 663 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 664 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 665 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 666 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 667 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 668 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 669 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 670 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 671 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 672 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 673 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 674 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 675 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 676 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 677 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 678 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 679 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 680 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 681 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 682 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 683 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 684 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 685 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 686 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 687 1:00 EU CE%sT 688 689 # Andorra 690 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 691 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 692 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 693 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 694 1:00 EU CE%sT 695 696 # Austria 697 698 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 699 700 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 701 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 702 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 703 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 704 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 705 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 706 707 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 708 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 709 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 710 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 711 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 712 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 713 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 714 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 715 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 716 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 717 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 718 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 719 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 720 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 721 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 722 1:00 - CET 1946 723 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 724 1:00 EU CE%sT 725 726 # Belarus 727 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 728 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 729 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 730 # 731 # Sources (Russian language): 732 # 1. 733 # <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html"> 734 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 735 # </a> 736 # 2. 737 # <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/"> 738 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 739 # </a> 740 # 3. 741 # <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html"> 742 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 743 # </a> 744 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 745 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 746 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 747 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 748 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 749 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 750 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 751 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 752 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 753 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 754 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 755 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 756 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 757 758 # Belgium 759 # 760 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 761 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 762 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 763 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 764 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 765 # pp 8-9. 766 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 767 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 768 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 769 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 770 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 771 # 772 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 773 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 774 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 775 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 776 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 777 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 778 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 779 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 780 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 781 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 782 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 783 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 784 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 785 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 786 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 787 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 788 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 789 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 790 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 791 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 792 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 793 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 794 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 795 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 796 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 797 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 798 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 799 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 800 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 801 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 802 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 803 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 804 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 805 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 806 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 807 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 808 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 809 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 810 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 811 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 812 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 813 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 814 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 815 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 816 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 817 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 818 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 819 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 820 1:00 EU CE%sT 821 822 # Bosnia and Herzegovina 823 # see Serbia 824 825 # Bulgaria 826 # 827 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 828 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 829 # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 830 # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 831 # 832 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 833 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 834 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 835 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 836 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 837 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 838 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 839 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 840 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 841 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 842 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 843 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 844 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 845 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 846 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 847 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 848 2:00 EU EE%sT 849 850 # Croatia 851 # see Serbia 852 853 # Cyprus 854 # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 855 856 # Czech Republic 857 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 858 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 859 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 860 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 861 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 862 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 863 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 864 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 865 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 866 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 867 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 868 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 869 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 870 1:00 EU CE%sT 871 872 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 873 874 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 875 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 876 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 877 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 878 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 879 # 880 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 881 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 882 # 883 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 884 # in subsequenet decrees with the law 885 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 886 # 887 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 888 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 889 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 890 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 891 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 892 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 893 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 894 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 895 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 896 # was suspended on that night): 897 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 898 899 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 900 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 901 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 902 903 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 904 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 905 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 906 907 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 908 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 909 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 910 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 911 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 912 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 913 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 914 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 915 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 916 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 917 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 918 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 919 # 920 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 921 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 922 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 923 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 924 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 925 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 926 1:00 EU CE%sT 927 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 928 0:00 - WET 1981 929 0:00 EU WE%sT 930 # 931 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 932 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 933 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 934 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 935 # 936 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 937 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 938 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 939 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 940 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 941 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 942 943 # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 944 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 945 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 946 # 947 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 948 # is according to the following time line: 949 # 950 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 951 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 952 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 953 # Danmarkshavn UTC 954 # 955 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 956 # introduced. 957 958 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 959 # 960 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 961 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 962 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 963 # info from earlier correspondence.] 964 # 965 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 966 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 967 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 968 # 969 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 970 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 971 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 972 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 973 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 974 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 975 # DPC research station at Zackenberg. 976 # 977 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 978 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 979 # 980 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 981 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 982 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 983 # 984 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 985 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 986 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 987 # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 988 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 989 990 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 991 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 992 # there at 2:00 AM. 993 994 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 995 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 996 # the 1995 map as like Godthab. 997 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 998 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 999 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1000 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1001 # 1002 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1003 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1004 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1005 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1006 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1007 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1008 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1009 # 1010 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1011 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1012 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1013 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1014 0:00 - GMT 1015 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1016 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1017 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1018 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1019 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1020 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1021 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1022 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1023 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1024 1025 # Estonia 1026 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1027 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1028 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1029 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1030 # 1031 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1032 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1033 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1034 # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1035 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1036 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1037 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1038 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1039 # summer time next spring.'' 1040 1041 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1042 # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 1043 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1044 # </a> 1045 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1046 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 1047 # 1048 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1049 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1050 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1051 1052 # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 1053 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1054 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1055 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1056 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1057 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1058 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1059 # after that. 1060 1061 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1062 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1063 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1064 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1065 1066 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1067 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1068 # Now we are using again EU rules. 1069 # 1070 # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 1071 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1072 1073 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1074 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1075 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1076 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1077 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1078 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1079 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1080 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1081 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1082 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1083 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1084 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 1085 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1086 2:00 EU EE%sT 1087 1088 # Finland 1089 1090 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1091 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1092 # and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1093 1094 # From Janne Snabb (2010-0715): 1095 # 1096 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1097 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1098 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1099 # according to the central European standards. 1100 # 1101 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1102 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1103 # Finnish) at 1104 # 1105 # <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf"> 1106 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1107 # </a> 1108 # 1109 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1110 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1111 # 1112 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1113 # 1114 # <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401"> 1115 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1116 # </a> 1117 # 1118 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1119 # exist tonight." 1120 1121 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1122 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1123 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1124 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1125 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1127 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 1128 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1129 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1130 2:00 EU EE%sT 1131 1132 # Aaland Is 1133 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1134 1135 1136 # France 1137 1138 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1139 # 1140 # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 1141 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1142 # 1143 # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 1144 # Paris, 1991 1145 # 1146 # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 1147 # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 1148 1149 1150 # 1151 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1152 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1153 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1154 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1155 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1156 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1157 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1158 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1159 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1160 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1161 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1162 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1163 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1164 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1165 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1166 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1167 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1168 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1169 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1170 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1171 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1172 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1173 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1174 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1175 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1176 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1177 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1178 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1179 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1180 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1181 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1182 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1183 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1184 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1185 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1186 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1187 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1188 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 1189 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 1190 # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1191 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1192 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 1193 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1194 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1195 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1196 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1197 # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1198 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1199 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1200 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1201 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1202 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1203 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1204 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1205 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1206 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1207 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1208 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1209 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1210 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1211 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1212 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1213 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1214 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1215 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1216 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1217 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1218 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1219 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1220 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1221 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1222 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1223 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1224 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1225 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1226 1:00 EU CE%sT 1227 1228 # Germany 1229 1230 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1231 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1232 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1233 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1234 1235 # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1236 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1237 # <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1238 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1239 1240 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1241 # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1242 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1243 # </a> 1244 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1245 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1246 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1247 1248 1249 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1250 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1251 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1252 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1253 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1254 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1255 # Go with the PTB. 1256 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1257 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1258 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1259 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1260 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1261 1262 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1263 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1264 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1265 1266 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1267 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1268 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1269 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1270 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1271 1:00 EU CE%sT 1272 1273 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1274 # Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1275 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1276 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1277 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1278 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1279 # 1280 # Source for the time in Busingen 1980: 1281 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1282 1283 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1284 # Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1285 1286 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1287 1288 # Georgia 1289 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1290 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1291 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1292 1293 # Gibraltar 1294 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1295 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1296 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1297 1:00 - CET 1982 1298 1:00 EU CE%sT 1299 1300 # Greece 1301 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1302 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1303 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1304 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1305 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1306 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1307 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1308 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1309 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1310 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1311 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1312 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1313 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1314 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1315 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1316 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1317 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1318 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1319 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1320 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1321 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1322 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1323 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1324 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1325 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1326 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1327 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1328 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1329 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1330 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1331 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1332 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1333 2:00 EU EE%sT 1334 1335 # Hungary 1336 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1337 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1338 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1339 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1340 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 1341 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 1342 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1343 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1344 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 1345 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1346 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1347 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1348 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1349 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1350 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1351 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1352 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1353 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1354 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1355 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1356 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1358 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1359 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1360 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1361 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1362 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1363 1:00 EU CE%sT 1364 1365 # Iceland 1366 # 1367 # From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1368 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1369 # 1370 # (1993-12-05): 1371 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1372 # Iceland Almanak. 1373 # 1374 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1375 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1376 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1377 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1378 # 1379 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1380 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1381 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1382 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1383 # 1384 # (1993-12-10): 1385 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1386 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1387 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1388 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1389 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1390 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1391 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1392 # might mean something else (???). 1393 # 1394 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1395 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1396 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1397 # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1398 # 1399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1400 Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1401 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1402 Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1403 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1404 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1405 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1406 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1407 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1408 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1409 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1410 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1411 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1412 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1413 Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1414 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1415 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1416 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1417 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1418 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1419 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1421 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1422 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1423 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1424 0:00 - GMT 1425 1426 # Italy 1427 # 1428 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1429 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1430 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1431 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1432 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1433 # so record only the time in Rome. 1434 # 1435 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1436 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1437 # F. Pollastri 1438 # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1439 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1440 # </a> 1441 # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1442 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1443 # 1444 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1445 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1446 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1447 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1448 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1449 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1450 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1451 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1452 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1453 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1454 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1455 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1456 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1457 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1458 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1459 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1460 # 1461 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1462 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1463 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1464 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1465 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1466 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1467 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1468 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1469 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1470 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1471 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1472 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1473 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1474 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1475 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1476 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1477 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1478 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1479 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1480 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1481 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1482 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1483 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1484 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1485 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1486 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1487 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1488 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1489 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1490 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1491 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1492 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1493 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1494 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1495 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1496 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1497 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1498 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1499 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1500 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1501 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1502 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1503 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1504 1:00 EU CE%sT 1505 1506 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1507 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1508 1509 # Latvia 1510 1511 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1512 1513 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1514 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1515 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1516 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1517 # 1518 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1519 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1520 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1521 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1522 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1523 # 1524 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1525 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1526 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1527 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1528 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1529 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1530 # 1531 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1532 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1533 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1534 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1535 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1536 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1537 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1538 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1539 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1540 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1541 # 1542 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1543 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1544 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1545 1546 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1547 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1548 # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1549 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1550 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1551 1552 # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 1553 # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1554 # </a> 1555 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1556 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1557 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1558 # clocks one hour in the spring.... 1559 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 1560 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1561 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1562 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1563 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1564 # appears that they will not do so.... 1565 1566 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1567 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1568 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1569 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1570 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1571 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1572 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1573 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1574 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1575 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1576 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1577 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1578 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1579 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1580 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1581 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1582 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1583 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1584 2:00 EU EE%sT 1585 1586 # Liechtenstein 1587 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1588 Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1589 1:00 - CET 1981 1590 1:00 EU CE%sT 1591 1592 # Lithuania 1593 1594 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1595 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1596 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1597 1598 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1599 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1600 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1601 1602 # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1603 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1604 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1605 # to be valid here starting from October 31, 1606 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1607 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1608 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1609 # already done by Estonia. 1610 1611 # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1612 # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1613 # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1614 1615 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1616 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1617 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1618 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1619 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1620 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1621 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1622 1623 1624 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1625 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1626 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1627 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1628 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1629 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1630 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1631 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1632 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1633 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1634 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1635 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1636 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1637 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1638 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1639 2:00 EU EE%sT 1640 1641 # Luxembourg 1642 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1643 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1644 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1645 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1646 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1647 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1648 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1649 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1650 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1651 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1652 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1653 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1654 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1655 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1656 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1657 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1658 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1659 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1660 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1661 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1662 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1663 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1664 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1665 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1666 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1667 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1668 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1669 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1670 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1671 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1672 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1673 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1674 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1675 1:00 EU CE%sT 1676 1677 # Macedonia 1678 # see Serbia 1679 1680 # Malta 1681 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1682 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1683 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1684 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1685 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1686 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1687 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1688 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1689 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1690 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1691 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1692 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1693 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1694 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1695 1:00 EU CE%sT 1696 1697 # Moldova 1698 1699 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1700 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1701 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1702 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1703 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1704 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1705 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1706 # But [two people] separately reported via 1707 # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1708 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1709 # 1710 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1711 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1712 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1713 # to the Winter Time). 1714 # 1715 # News (in Russian): 1716 # <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html"> 1717 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1718 # </a> 1719 # 1720 # <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html"> 1721 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1722 # </a> 1723 # 1724 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1725 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1726 # 1727 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1728 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1729 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1730 # 1731 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1732 # 1733 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1734 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1735 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1736 # decision to abolish DST this winter. 1737 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1738 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1739 # News from Moldova (in russian): 1740 # <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html"> 1741 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1742 # </a> 1743 1744 1745 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1746 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1747 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1748 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1749 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1750 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1751 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1752 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1753 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1754 2:00 - EET 1991 1755 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1756 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1757 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1758 2:00 EU EE%sT 1759 1760 # Monaco 1761 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1762 # more precise 0:09:21. 1763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1764 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1765 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1766 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1767 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1768 1:00 EU CE%sT 1769 1770 # Montenegro 1771 # see Serbia 1772 1773 # Netherlands 1774 1775 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1776 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1777 1778 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1779 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1780 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1781 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1782 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1783 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1784 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1785 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1786 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1787 # 1788 # (2001-04-08): 1789 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1790 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1791 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1792 # 1793 # (2001-04-09): 1794 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1795 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1796 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1797 # actually followed. 1798 # 1799 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1800 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1801 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1802 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1803 # adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1804 # 1805 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1806 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1807 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1808 # Amsterdam mean time. 1809 1810 # The data before 1945 are taken from 1811 # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 1812 1813 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1814 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1815 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1816 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1817 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1818 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1819 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1820 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1821 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1822 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1823 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1824 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1825 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1826 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1827 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1828 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1829 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1830 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1831 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1832 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1833 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1834 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1835 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1836 # 1837 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1838 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1839 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1840 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1841 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1842 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1843 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1844 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1845 1:00 EU CE%sT 1846 1847 # Norway 1848 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1849 # Pottenger. 1850 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1851 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1852 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1853 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1854 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1855 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1856 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1857 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1858 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1859 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1860 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1861 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1862 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1863 1:00 EU CE%sT 1864 1865 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1866 1867 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1868 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1869 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1870 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1871 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1872 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1873 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 1874 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 1875 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1876 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1877 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1878 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1879 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1880 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1881 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1882 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1883 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1884 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1885 1886 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): 1887 # 1888 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1889 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1890 # keeping Berlin time. 1891 # 1892 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1893 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1894 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1895 # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1896 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1897 # the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1898 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1899 # 1900 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1901 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1902 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1903 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1904 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1905 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1906 # <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 1907 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1908 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1909 # 1910 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 1911 # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1912 # war years it's probably best just do...the following for now: 1913 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1914 1915 # Poland 1916 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1917 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1918 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1919 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1920 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1921 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1922 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1923 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1924 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1925 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1926 # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1927 # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1928 # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1929 # He also gives these further references: 1930 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1931 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1932 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1933 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1934 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1935 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1936 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1937 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1938 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1939 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1940 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1941 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1942 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1943 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1944 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1945 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1946 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1947 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1948 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1949 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1950 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1951 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1952 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1953 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1954 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1955 1:00 EU CE%sT 1956 1957 # Portugal 1958 # 1959 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 1960 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1961 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1962 # 1963 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1964 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1965 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1966 # 1967 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1968 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1969 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1970 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1971 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1972 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1973 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1974 # 1975 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1976 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1977 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1978 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1979 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1980 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1981 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1982 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1983 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1984 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1985 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1986 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1987 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1988 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1989 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1990 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1991 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1992 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1993 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1994 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1995 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1996 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1997 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1998 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1999 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2000 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2001 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2002 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2003 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2004 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2005 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2006 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2007 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2008 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2009 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2010 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2011 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2012 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2013 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2014 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2015 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2016 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2017 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2018 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2019 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2020 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2021 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2022 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2023 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2024 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2025 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2026 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2027 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2028 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2029 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2030 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2031 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2032 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2033 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2034 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2035 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2036 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2037 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2038 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2039 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 2040 # Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 2041 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 2042 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2043 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2044 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2045 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2046 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2047 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2048 0:00 EU WE%sT 2049 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2050 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 2051 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2052 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2053 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2054 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2055 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2056 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2057 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 2058 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2059 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2060 0:00 EU WE%sT 2061 2062 # Romania 2063 # 2064 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2065 # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 2066 # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2067 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2068 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2069 # the same year as Bulgaria. 2070 # 2071 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2072 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2073 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2074 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2075 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2076 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2077 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2078 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2079 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2080 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2081 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2082 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2083 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2084 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2085 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2086 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2087 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2088 2:00 EU EE%sT 2089 2090 # Russia 2091 2092 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2093 # Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011 2094 # (Government document 2095 # <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/"> 2096 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2097 # </a> 2098 # in Russian) 2099 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2100 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2101 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2102 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm"> 2103 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2104 # </a> 2105 2106 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2107 # Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2108 # <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966"> 2109 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2110 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2111 2112 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2113 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2114 # changed in September 2011: 2115 # 2116 # One source is 2117 # < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/> 2118 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2119 # </a> 2120 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2121 # 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2122 # 2123 # Another source is 2124 # <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html"> 2125 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2126 # </a> 2127 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2128 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2129 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2130 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2131 # does not contain any "effective date" information. 2132 # 2133 # Another source is 2134 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7"> 2135 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2136 # </a> 2137 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011... 2138 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2139 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2140 # 2141 # The Wikipedia article refers to 2142 # <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896"> 2143 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2144 # </a> 2145 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2146 # 2147 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2148 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2149 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get 2150 # September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes). 2151 # 2152 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2153 # 2154 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2155 2156 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2157 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2158 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2159 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2160 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2161 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2162 # 2163 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2164 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2165 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2166 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2167 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2168 # 2169 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2170 # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2171 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2172 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2173 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2174 # 2175 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2176 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2177 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2178 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2179 # 2180 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2181 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2182 # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2183 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2184 # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 2185 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2186 # 2187 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2188 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2189 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2190 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2191 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2192 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2193 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2194 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2195 # 2196 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2197 # 2198 # Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 2199 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2200 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2201 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2202 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2203 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2204 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 2205 # 2206 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2207 # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 2208 # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 2209 # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 2210 # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 2211 # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 2212 # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2213 # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 2214 # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 2215 # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 2216 # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 2217 # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2218 # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 2219 # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2220 # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 2221 # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 2222 # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 2223 # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 2224 # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 2225 # Yaroslavskaya oblast' 2226 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2227 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2228 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2229 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2230 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2231 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2232 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2233 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2234 4:00 - MSK 2235 # 2236 # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2237 # Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2238 # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2239 # others? But we have no data. 2240 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2241 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2242 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2243 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2244 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2245 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2246 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2247 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2248 4:00 - VOLT 2249 # 2250 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2251 # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 2252 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2253 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2254 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2255 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2256 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2257 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2258 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2259 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2260 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2261 4:00 - SAMT 2262 2263 # 2264 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2265 # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2266 # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 2267 # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 2268 # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 2269 # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2270 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2271 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2272 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2273 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2274 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2275 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time 2276 # 2277 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2278 # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 2279 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2280 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 2281 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2282 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2283 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2284 7:00 - OMST 2285 # 2286 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2287 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2288 # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 2289 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2290 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2291 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2292 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2293 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2294 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2295 7:00 - NOVT 2296 2297 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2298 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2299 # March 28, 2010: 2300 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2301 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2302 # 2303 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2304 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2305 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2306 # 2307 # Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2308 # <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2309 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2310 # </a> 2311 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2312 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2313 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2314 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2315 # </a> 2316 # 2317 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2318 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2319 # 2320 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2321 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2322 2323 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2324 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2325 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2326 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2327 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2328 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2329 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2330 2331 # 2332 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2333 # Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2334 # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 2335 # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2336 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2337 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2338 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2339 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2340 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2341 8:00 - KRAT 2342 # 2343 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2344 # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 2345 # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2346 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 2347 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2348 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2349 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2350 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2351 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2352 9:00 - IRKT 2353 # 2354 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2355 # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 2356 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2357 2358 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2359 # ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005... 2360 # Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. 2361 # YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. 2362 2363 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2364 # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2365 # Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2366 # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2367 # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, 2368 # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2369 # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. 2370 2371 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2372 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2373 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2374 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2375 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2376 10:00 - YAKT 2377 # 2378 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2379 # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 2380 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2381 2382 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2383 # The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij. 2384 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2385 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2386 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2387 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2388 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2389 11:00 - VLAT 2390 2391 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2392 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2393 # in 2011. 2394 # 2395 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2396 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2397 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2398 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2399 # 2400 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2401 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2402 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2403 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2404 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2405 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2406 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2407 10:00 - YAKT 2408 2409 # 2410 # Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 2411 # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2412 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2413 9:00 - CJT 1938 2414 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2415 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 2416 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2417 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2418 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2419 11:00 - SAKT 2420 # 2421 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2422 # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2423 # Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2424 2425 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2426 # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, 2427 # Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij. 2428 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2429 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2430 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2431 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2432 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2433 12:00 - MAGT 2434 2435 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2436 # Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from 2437 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 2438 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2439 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2440 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 2441 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2442 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2443 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2444 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2445 11:00 - VLAT 2446 2447 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2448 # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2449 # 2450 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 2451 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2452 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 2453 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2454 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2455 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2456 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2457 12:00 - PETT 2458 # 2459 # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 2460 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2461 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2462 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2463 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2464 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2465 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2466 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2467 12:00 - ANAT 2468 2469 # Serbia 2470 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2471 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2472 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2473 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2474 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2475 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2476 # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2477 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2478 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2479 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2480 1:00 EU CE%sT 2481 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2482 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2483 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2484 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2485 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2486 2487 # Slovakia 2488 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2489 2490 # Slovenia 2491 # see Serbia 2492 2493 # Spain 2494 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2495 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2496 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2497 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2498 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2499 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2500 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2501 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2502 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2503 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2504 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2505 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2506 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2507 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2508 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2509 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2510 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2511 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2512 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2513 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2514 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2515 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2516 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2517 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2518 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2519 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2520 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2521 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2522 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2523 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2524 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2525 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2526 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2527 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2528 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2529 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2530 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2531 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2532 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2533 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2534 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2535 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2536 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2537 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2538 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2539 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2540 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2541 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2542 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2543 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2545 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2546 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2547 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2548 1:00 EU CE%sT 2549 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2550 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2551 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2552 0:00 - WET 1924 2553 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2554 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2555 1:00 - CET 1986 2556 1:00 EU CE%sT 2557 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2558 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 2559 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2560 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2561 0:00 EU WE%sT 2562 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2563 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2564 2565 # Sweden 2566 2567 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2568 # 2569 # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2570 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2571 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2572 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2573 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2574 # 2575 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2576 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2577 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2578 # 2579 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2580 # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2581 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2582 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2583 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2584 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2585 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2586 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2587 # 2588 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2589 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2590 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2591 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2592 # 2593 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2594 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2595 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2596 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2597 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2598 # the Sok-button). 2599 # 2600 # (2001-05-13): 2601 # 2602 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2603 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2604 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2605 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2606 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2607 # hour before the event took place. 2608 # 2609 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2610 2611 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2612 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2613 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2614 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2615 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 2616 1:00 - CET 1980 2617 1:00 EU CE%sT 2618 2619 # Switzerland 2620 # From Howse: 2621 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2622 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2623 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2624 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2625 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 2626 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2627 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2628 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2629 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2630 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2631 2632 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2633 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2634 # 2635 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2636 # to be wrong. This is now verified. 2637 # 2638 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2639 # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2640 # federal law collection)... 2641 # 2642 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2643 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2644 # 2645 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2646 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2647 # 2648 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2649 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2650 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2651 # other years are made. 2652 # 2653 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2654 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2655 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2656 # a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2657 # 2658 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2659 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2660 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2661 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2662 # 2663 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2664 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2665 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2666 # 2667 # The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2668 # 2669 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2670 # most users of tzdata: 2671 # The zone file 2672 # Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2673 # 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time 2674 # 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2675 # 1:00 EU CE%sT 2676 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2677 # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2678 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2679 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2680 2681 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2682 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2683 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2685 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2686 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 2687 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2688 1:00 EU CE%sT 2689 2690 # Turkey 2691 2692 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2693 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2694 # ... The latest rules are available at - 2695 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2696 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2697 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2698 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2699 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2700 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2701 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2702 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2703 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2704 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2705 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2706 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2707 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2708 2709 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2710 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2711 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2712 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2713 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2714 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2715 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2716 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2717 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2718 2719 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 2720 # 2721 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 2722 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 2723 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 2724 # 2725 # <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872"> 2726 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 2727 # </a> 2728 # Turkish: 2729 # <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373"> 2730 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 2731 # </a> 2732 2733 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2734 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2735 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2736 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2737 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2738 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2739 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2740 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2741 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2742 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2743 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2744 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 2745 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2746 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2747 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 2748 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 2749 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 2750 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2751 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2752 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2753 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2754 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2755 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 2756 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2757 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2758 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2759 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 2760 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2761 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2762 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 2763 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2764 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2765 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 2766 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2767 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 2768 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2769 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2770 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2771 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 2772 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 2773 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2774 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 2775 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 2776 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2777 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2778 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2779 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2780 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 2781 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 2782 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 2783 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 2784 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 2785 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 2786 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2787 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2788 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2789 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2790 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2791 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2792 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2793 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2794 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2795 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2796 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2797 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2798 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2799 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2800 2:00 EU EE%sT 2801 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2802 2803 # Ukraine 2804 # 2805 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, 2806 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2807 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment 2808 # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2809 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2810 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2811 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2812 2813 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 2814 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 2815 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 2816 # 2817 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 2818 # approval from 266 deputies. 2819 # 2820 # Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian) 2821 # <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/"> 2822 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 2823 # </a> 2824 # 2825 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 2826 # <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html"> 2827 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 2828 # </a> 2829 # 2830 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 2831 # <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/"> 2832 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 2833 # </a> 2834 # 2835 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 2836 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 2837 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 2838 # time this year after all. 2839 # 2840 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 2841 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone 2842 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 2843 # to Russia) was reverted today: 2844 # 2845 # <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995"> 2846 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 2847 # </a> 2848 # 2849 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 2850 # The law documents themselves are at 2851 # 2852 # <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484"> 2853 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 2854 # </a> 2855 2856 2857 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2858 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2859 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2860 # "Kiev" is more common in English. 2861 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2862 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2863 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2864 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 2865 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 2866 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2867 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2868 2:00 - EET 1992 2869 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2870 2:00 EU EE%sT 2871 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2872 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2873 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 2874 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 2875 1:00 - CET 1940 2876 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2877 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 2878 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 2879 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2880 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2881 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2882 2:00 - EET 1992 2883 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2884 2:00 EU EE%sT 2885 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2886 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2887 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2888 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2889 # portable Posix file names. 2890 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2891 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 2892 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2893 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 2894 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 2895 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2896 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2897 2:00 EU EE%sT 2898 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2899 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2900 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2901 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2902 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2903 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2904 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2905 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2906 2:00 - EET 1992 2907 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2908 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2909 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2910 # Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2911 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2912 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2913 # changed in May. 2914 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2915 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2916 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2917 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2918 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2919 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2920 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2921 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2922 2:00 EU EE%sT 2923 2924 ############################################################################### 2925 2926 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2927 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2928 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2929 # 2930 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2931 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 2932 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 2933 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 2934 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 2935 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 2936 2937 # ... 2938 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2939 # From: Tom Hofmann 2940 # ... 2941 # 2942 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 2943 # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 2944 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 2945 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 2946 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 2947 # years... 2948 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 2949 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 2950 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 2951 # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 2952 # 2953 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 2954 # Soviet Union (as far as I know). 2955 # 2956 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 2957 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland 2958 # ... 2959 2960 # ... 2961 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2962 # From: Dik T. Winter 2963 # ... 2964 # 2965 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 2966 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 2967 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 2968 # 2969 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 2970 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 2971 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 2972 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 2973 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 2974 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 2975 # dates... 2976 # 2977 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 2978 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 2979 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 2980 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 2981 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 2982 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 2983 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2984 # in advance of normal time. 2985 # 2986 # ... 2987 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2988 # ... 2989 2990 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 2991 # ... 2992 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2993 # Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2994 # ... 2995 # Monaco: has same DST as France. 2996 # ... --- EOF ---