1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 29 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 30 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 33 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 34 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 35 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 36 # 37 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 38 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 39 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 40 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 41 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 42 # 43 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 44 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 45 # 46 # Other sources occasionally used include: 47 # 48 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 49 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 50 # which I found in the UCLA library. 51 # 52 # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 53 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 54 # </a> (1914-03) 55 # 56 # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 57 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 58 # History of Summer Time 59 # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 60 61 # 62 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 63 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 64 # Corrections are welcome! 65 # std dst 2dst 66 # LMT Local Mean Time 67 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 68 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 69 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 70 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 71 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 72 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 73 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 74 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 75 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 76 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 77 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 78 # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 79 # 80 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 81 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 82 83 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 84 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 85 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 86 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 87 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 88 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 89 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 90 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 91 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 92 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 93 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 94 # ... 95 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 96 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 97 # ... 98 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 99 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 100 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 101 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 102 # in the Directive. 103 104 105 ############################################################################### 106 107 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 108 109 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 110 # 111 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 112 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 113 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 114 # of the text said: 115 # 116 # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 117 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 118 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 119 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 120 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 121 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 122 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 123 # 124 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 125 # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 126 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 127 # 128 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 129 130 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 131 # 132 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 133 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 134 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 135 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 136 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 137 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 138 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 139 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 140 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 141 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 142 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 143 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 144 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 145 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 146 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 147 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 148 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 149 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 150 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 151 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 152 # 153 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 154 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 155 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 156 157 # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 158 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 159 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 160 # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 161 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 162 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 163 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 164 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 165 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 166 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 167 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 168 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 169 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 170 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 171 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial, 172 # which is permanently set to Summer Time. 173 174 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 175 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 176 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 177 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 178 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 179 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. 180 # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 181 # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 182 # </a> 183 184 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 185 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 186 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 187 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 188 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 189 190 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 191 # 192 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 193 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 194 195 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 196 # From: Jonathan Leffler 197 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 198 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 199 # politics making a fortune, not computing. 200 201 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 202 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 203 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 204 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 205 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 206 207 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 208 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 209 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 210 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 211 212 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 213 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 214 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 215 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 216 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 217 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 218 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 219 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 220 221 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 222 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 223 # which is to be introduced in May.... 224 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 225 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 226 227 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 228 # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 229 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 230 # so we use `BDST'. 231 232 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 233 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 234 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 235 # and extending this list, which can be found in 236 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ 237 # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 238 # History of legal time in Britain 239 # </a> 240 # Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer 241 # exists, and the article can now be found at: 242 # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 243 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 244 # </a> 245 246 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 247 # 248 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 249 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech 250 # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 251 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 252 # </a>. 253 254 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 255 # 256 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 257 # 258 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 259 # are incorrect: 260 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 261 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 262 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 263 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 264 # It actually just had one transition. 265 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 266 # Actually, it conformed to Britain. 267 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 268 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 269 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 270 # 271 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 272 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 273 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 274 # conform with Great Britain. 275 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 276 # 277 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 278 # we'll ignore it for now. 279 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 280 # 281 # 282 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 283 # Shanks & Pottenger. 284 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 285 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 286 # to London. For example: 287 # 288 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 289 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses 290 291 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 292 # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 293 # various relating to legal time, for example: 294 # 295 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 296 # 297 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 298 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 299 # 300 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 301 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 302 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 303 # 304 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 305 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 306 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 307 # 308 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 309 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 310 # 311 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 312 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 313 # the laws applicable in Ireland.) 314 # 315 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 316 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 317 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 318 # being GMT+1.) 319 320 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 321 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 322 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 323 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 324 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 325 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 326 # and Frethun run in CT. 327 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 328 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 329 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 330 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 331 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 332 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 333 334 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 335 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 336 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 337 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 338 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 339 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 340 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 341 342 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 343 # Summer Time Act, 1916 344 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 345 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 346 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 347 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 348 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 349 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 350 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 351 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 352 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 353 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 354 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 355 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 356 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 357 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 358 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 359 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 360 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 361 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 362 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 363 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 364 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 365 # The Summer Time Act, 1922 366 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 367 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 368 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 369 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 370 # The Summer Time Act, 1925 371 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 372 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 373 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 374 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 375 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 376 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 377 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 378 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 379 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 380 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 381 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 382 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 383 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 384 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 385 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 386 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 387 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 388 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 389 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 390 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 391 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 392 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 393 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 394 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 395 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 396 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 397 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 398 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 399 # The Summer Time Act, 1947 400 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 401 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 402 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 403 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 404 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 405 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 406 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 407 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 408 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 409 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 410 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 411 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 412 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 413 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 414 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 415 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 416 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 417 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 418 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 419 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 420 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 421 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 422 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 423 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 424 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 425 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 426 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 427 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 428 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 429 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 430 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 431 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 432 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 433 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 434 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 435 # (no summer time) 436 # The Summer Time Act, 1972 437 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 438 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 439 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 440 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 441 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 442 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 443 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 444 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 445 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 446 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 447 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 448 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 449 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 450 # See EU for rules starting in 1996. 451 452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 453 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 454 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 455 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 456 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 457 0:00 EU GMT/BST 458 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 459 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 460 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 461 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 462 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 463 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 464 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 465 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 466 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 467 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 468 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 469 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 470 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 471 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 472 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 473 0:00 EU GMT/IST 474 475 ############################################################################### 476 477 # Europe 478 479 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 480 # Common Market, etc. 481 482 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 483 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 484 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 485 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 486 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 487 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 488 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 489 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 490 # <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 491 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 492 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 493 # </a> 494 495 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 496 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 497 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 498 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 499 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 500 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 501 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 502 503 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 504 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 505 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 506 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 507 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 508 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 509 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 510 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 511 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 512 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 513 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 514 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 515 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 516 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 517 # 518 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 519 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 520 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 521 # tz database itself, as seen below: 522 # 523 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 524 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 525 # 526 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 527 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 528 # 529 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 530 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 531 # 532 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 533 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 534 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 535 # 536 # The rule line to be changed is: 537 # 538 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 539 # 540 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 541 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 542 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 543 # affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms 544 # CET and MET: 545 # 546 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 547 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 548 # 549 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 550 # 551 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 552 # 553 # A small step for mankind though 8-) 554 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 555 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 556 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 557 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 558 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 559 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 560 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 561 562 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 563 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 564 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 565 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 566 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 567 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 568 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 569 570 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 571 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 572 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 573 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 574 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 575 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 576 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 577 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 578 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 579 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 580 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 581 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 582 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 583 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 584 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 585 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 586 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 587 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 588 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 589 # 590 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 591 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 592 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 593 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 594 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 595 596 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 597 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 598 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 599 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 600 # 601 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 602 # <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583"> 603 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 604 # </a> 605 # 606 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 607 # <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html"> 608 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 609 # </a> 610 611 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 612 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 613 # to be standard. 614 615 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 616 617 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 618 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 619 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 620 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 621 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 622 623 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 624 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 625 626 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 627 # The official German names ... are 628 # 629 # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 630 # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 631 # 632 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 633 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 634 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 635 # 636 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 637 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 638 # Postfach 3345 639 # D-38023 Braunschweig 640 # phone: +49 531 592-0 641 # 642 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 643 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 644 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 645 # 646 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 647 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 648 649 650 # Albania 651 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 652 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 653 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 654 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 655 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 656 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 657 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 658 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 659 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 660 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 661 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 662 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 663 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 664 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 665 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 666 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 667 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 668 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 669 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 670 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 671 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 672 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 673 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 674 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 675 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 676 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 677 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 678 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 679 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 680 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 681 1:00 EU CE%sT 682 683 # Andorra 684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 685 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 686 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 687 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 688 1:00 EU CE%sT 689 690 # Austria 691 692 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 693 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 694 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 695 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 696 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 697 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 698 699 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 700 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 701 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 702 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 703 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 704 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 705 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 706 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 707 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 708 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 709 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 710 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 711 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 712 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 713 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 714 1:00 - CET 1946 715 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 716 1:00 EU CE%sT 717 718 # Belarus 719 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 720 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 721 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 722 # 723 # Sources (Russian language): 724 # 1. 725 # <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html"> 726 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 727 # </a> 728 # 2. 729 # <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/"> 730 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 731 # </a> 732 # 3. 733 # <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html"> 734 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 735 # </a> 736 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 737 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 738 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 739 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 740 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 741 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 742 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 743 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 744 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 745 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 746 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 747 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 748 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 749 750 # Belgium 751 # 752 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 753 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 754 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 755 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 756 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 757 # pp 8-9. 758 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 759 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 760 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 761 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 762 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 763 # 764 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 765 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 766 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 767 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 768 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 769 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 770 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 771 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 772 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 773 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 774 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 775 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 776 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 777 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 778 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 779 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 780 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 781 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 782 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 783 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 784 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 785 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 786 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 787 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 788 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 789 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 790 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 791 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 792 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 793 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 794 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 795 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 796 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 797 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 798 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 799 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 800 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 801 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 802 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 803 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 804 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 805 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 806 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 807 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 808 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 809 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 810 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 811 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 812 1:00 EU CE%sT 813 814 # Bosnia and Herzegovina 815 # see Serbia 816 817 # Bulgaria 818 # 819 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 820 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 821 # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 822 # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 823 # 824 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 825 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 826 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 827 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 828 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 829 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 830 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 831 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 832 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 833 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 834 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 835 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 836 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 837 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 838 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 839 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 840 2:00 EU EE%sT 841 842 # Croatia 843 # see Serbia 844 845 # Cyprus 846 # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 847 848 # Czech Republic 849 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 850 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 851 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 852 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 853 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 854 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 855 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 856 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 857 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 858 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 859 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 860 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 861 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 862 1:00 EU CE%sT 863 864 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 865 866 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 867 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 868 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 869 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 870 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 871 # 872 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 873 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 874 # 875 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 876 # in subsequenet decrees with the law 877 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 878 # 879 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 880 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 881 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 882 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 883 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 884 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 885 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 886 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 887 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 888 # was suspended on that night): 889 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 890 891 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 892 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 893 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 894 895 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 896 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 897 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 898 899 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 900 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 901 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 902 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 903 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 904 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 905 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 906 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 907 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 908 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 909 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 910 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 911 # 912 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 913 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 914 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 915 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 916 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 917 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 918 1:00 EU CE%sT 919 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 920 0:00 - WET 1981 921 0:00 EU WE%sT 922 # 923 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 924 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 925 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 926 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 927 # 928 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 929 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 930 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 931 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 932 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 933 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 934 935 # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 936 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 937 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 938 # 939 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 940 # is according to the following time line: 941 # 942 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 943 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 944 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 945 # Danmarkshavn UTC 946 # 947 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 948 # introduced. 949 950 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 951 # 952 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 953 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 954 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 955 # info from earlier correspondence.] 956 # 957 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 958 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 959 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 960 # 961 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 962 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 963 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 964 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 965 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 966 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 967 # DPC research station at Zackenberg. 968 # 969 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 970 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 971 # 972 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 973 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 974 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 975 # 976 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 977 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 978 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 979 # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 980 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 981 982 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 983 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 984 # there at 2:00 AM. 985 986 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 987 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 988 # the 1995 map as like Godthab. 989 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 990 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 991 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 992 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 993 # 994 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 995 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 996 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 997 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 998 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 999 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1000 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1001 # 1002 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1003 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1004 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1005 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1006 0:00 - GMT 1007 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1008 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1009 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1010 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1011 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1012 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1013 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1014 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1015 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1016 1017 # Estonia 1018 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1019 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1020 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1021 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1022 # 1023 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1024 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1025 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1026 # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1027 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1028 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1029 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1030 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1031 # summer time next spring.'' 1032 1033 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1034 # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 1035 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1036 # </a> 1037 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1038 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 1039 # 1040 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1041 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1042 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1043 1044 # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 1045 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1046 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1047 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1048 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1049 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1050 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1051 # after that. 1052 1053 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1054 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1055 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1056 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1057 1058 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1059 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1060 # Now we are using again EU rules. 1061 # 1062 # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 1063 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1064 1065 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1066 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1067 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1068 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1069 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1070 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1071 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1072 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1073 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1074 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1075 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1076 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 1077 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1078 2:00 EU EE%sT 1079 1080 # Finland 1081 1082 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1083 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1084 # and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1085 1086 # From Janne Snabb (2010-0715): 1087 # 1088 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1089 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1090 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1091 # according to the central European standards. 1092 # 1093 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1094 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1095 # Finnish) at 1096 # 1097 # <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf"> 1098 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1099 # </a> 1100 # 1101 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1102 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1103 # 1104 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1105 # 1106 # <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401"> 1107 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1108 # </a> 1109 # 1110 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1111 # exist tonight." 1112 1113 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1114 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1115 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1116 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1117 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1119 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 1120 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1121 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1122 2:00 EU EE%sT 1123 1124 # Aaland Is 1125 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1126 1127 1128 # France 1129 1130 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1131 # 1132 # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 1133 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1134 # 1135 # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 1136 # Paris, 1991 1137 # 1138 # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 1139 # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 1140 1141 1142 # 1143 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1144 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1145 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1146 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1147 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1148 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1149 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1150 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1151 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1152 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1153 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1154 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1155 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1156 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1157 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1158 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1159 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1160 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1161 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1162 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1163 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1164 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1165 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1166 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1167 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1168 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1169 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1170 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1171 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1172 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1173 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1174 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1175 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1176 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1177 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1178 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1179 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1180 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 1181 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 1182 # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1183 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1184 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 1185 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1186 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1187 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1188 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1189 # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1190 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1191 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1192 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1193 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1194 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1195 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1196 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1197 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1198 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1199 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1200 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1201 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1202 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1203 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1204 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1205 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1206 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1207 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1208 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1209 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1210 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1211 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1212 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1213 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1214 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1215 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1216 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1217 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1218 1:00 EU CE%sT 1219 1220 # Germany 1221 1222 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1223 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1224 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1225 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1226 1227 # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1228 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1229 # <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1230 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1231 1232 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1233 # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1234 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1235 # </a> 1236 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1237 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1238 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1239 1240 1241 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1242 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1243 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1244 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1245 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1246 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1247 # Go with the PTB. 1248 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1249 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1250 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1251 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1252 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1253 1254 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1255 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1256 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1257 1258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1259 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1260 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1261 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1262 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1263 1:00 EU CE%sT 1264 1265 # Georgia 1266 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1267 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1268 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1269 1270 # Gibraltar 1271 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1272 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1273 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1274 1:00 - CET 1982 1275 1:00 EU CE%sT 1276 1277 # Greece 1278 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1279 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1280 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1281 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1282 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1283 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1284 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1285 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1286 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1287 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1288 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1289 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1290 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1291 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1292 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1293 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1294 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1295 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1296 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1297 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1298 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1299 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1300 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1301 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1302 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1303 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1304 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1305 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1306 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1307 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1308 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1309 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1310 2:00 EU EE%sT 1311 1312 # Hungary 1313 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1314 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1315 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1316 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1317 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 1318 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 1319 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1320 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1321 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 1322 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1323 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1324 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1325 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1326 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1327 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1328 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1329 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1330 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1331 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1332 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1333 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1334 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1335 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1336 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1337 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1338 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1339 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1340 1:00 EU CE%sT 1341 1342 # Iceland 1343 # 1344 # From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1345 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1346 # 1347 # (1993-12-05): 1348 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1349 # Iceland Almanak. 1350 # 1351 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1352 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1353 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1354 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1355 # 1356 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1357 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1358 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1359 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1360 # 1361 # (1993-12-10): 1362 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1363 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1364 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1365 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1366 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1367 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1368 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1369 # might mean something else (???). 1370 # 1371 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1372 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1373 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1374 # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1375 # 1376 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1377 Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1378 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1379 Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1380 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1381 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1382 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1383 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1384 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1385 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1386 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1387 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1388 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1389 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1390 Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1391 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1392 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1393 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1394 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1395 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1396 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1398 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1399 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1400 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1401 0:00 - GMT 1402 1403 # Italy 1404 # 1405 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1406 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1407 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1408 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1409 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1410 # so record only the time in Rome. 1411 # 1412 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1413 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1414 # F. Pollastri 1415 # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1416 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1417 # </a> 1418 # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1419 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1420 # 1421 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1422 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1423 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1424 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1425 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1426 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1427 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1428 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1429 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1430 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1431 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1432 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1433 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1434 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1435 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1436 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1437 # 1438 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1439 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1440 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1441 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1442 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1443 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1444 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1445 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1446 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1447 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1448 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1449 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1450 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1451 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1452 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1453 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1454 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1455 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1456 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1457 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1458 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1459 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1460 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1461 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1462 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1463 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1464 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1465 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1466 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1467 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1468 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1469 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1470 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1471 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1472 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1473 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1474 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1475 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1476 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1477 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1478 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1479 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1480 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1481 1:00 EU CE%sT 1482 1483 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1484 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1485 1486 # Latvia 1487 1488 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1489 1490 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1491 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1492 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1493 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1494 # 1495 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1496 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1497 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1498 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1499 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1500 # 1501 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1502 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1503 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1504 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1505 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1506 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1507 # 1508 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1509 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1510 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1511 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1512 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1513 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1514 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1515 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1516 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1517 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1518 # 1519 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1520 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1521 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1522 1523 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1524 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1525 # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1526 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1527 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1528 1529 # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 1530 # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1531 # </a> 1532 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1533 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1534 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1535 # clocks one hour in the spring.... 1536 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 1537 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1538 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1539 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1540 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1541 # appears that they will not do so.... 1542 1543 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1544 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1545 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1547 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1548 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1549 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1550 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1551 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1552 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1553 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1554 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1555 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1556 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1557 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1558 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1559 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1560 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1561 2:00 EU EE%sT 1562 1563 # Liechtenstein 1564 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1565 Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1566 1:00 - CET 1981 1567 1:00 EU CE%sT 1568 1569 # Lithuania 1570 1571 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1572 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1573 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1574 1575 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1576 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1577 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1578 1579 # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1580 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1581 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1582 # to be valid here starting from October 31, 1583 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1584 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1585 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1586 # already done by Estonia. 1587 1588 # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1589 # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1590 # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1591 1592 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1593 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1594 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1595 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1596 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1597 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1598 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1599 1600 1601 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1602 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1603 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1604 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1605 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1606 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1607 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1608 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1609 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1610 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1611 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1612 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1613 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1614 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1615 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1616 2:00 EU EE%sT 1617 1618 # Luxembourg 1619 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1620 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1621 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1622 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1623 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1624 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1625 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1626 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1627 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1628 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1629 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1630 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1631 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1632 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1633 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1634 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1635 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1636 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1637 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1638 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1639 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1640 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1641 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1642 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1643 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1644 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1645 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1646 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1647 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1648 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1649 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1650 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1651 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1652 1:00 EU CE%sT 1653 1654 # Macedonia 1655 # see Serbia 1656 1657 # Malta 1658 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1659 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1660 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1661 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1662 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1663 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1664 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1665 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1666 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1667 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1668 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1669 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1670 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1671 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1672 1:00 EU CE%sT 1673 1674 # Moldova 1675 1676 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1677 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1678 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1679 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1680 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1681 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1682 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1683 # But [two people] separately reported via 1684 # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1685 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1686 # 1687 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1688 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1689 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1690 # to the Winter Time). 1691 # 1692 # News (in Russian): 1693 # <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html"> 1694 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1695 # </a> 1696 # 1697 # <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html"> 1698 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1699 # </a> 1700 # 1701 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1702 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1703 # 1704 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1705 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1706 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1707 # 1708 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1709 # 1710 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1711 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1712 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1713 # decision to abolish DST this winter. 1714 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1715 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1716 # News from Moldova (in russian): 1717 # <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html"> 1718 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1719 # </a> 1720 1721 1722 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1723 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1724 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1725 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1726 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1727 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1728 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1729 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1730 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1731 2:00 - EET 1991 1732 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1733 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1734 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1735 2:00 EU EE%sT 1736 1737 # Monaco 1738 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1739 # more precise 0:09:21. 1740 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1741 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1742 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1743 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1744 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1745 1:00 EU CE%sT 1746 1747 # Montenegro 1748 # see Serbia 1749 1750 # Netherlands 1751 1752 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1753 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1754 1755 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1756 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1757 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1758 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1759 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1760 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1761 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1762 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1763 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1764 # 1765 # (2001-04-08): 1766 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1767 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1768 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1769 # 1770 # (2001-04-09): 1771 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1772 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1773 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1774 # actually followed. 1775 # 1776 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1777 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1778 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1779 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1780 # adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1781 # 1782 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1783 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1784 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1785 # Amsterdam mean time. 1786 1787 # The data before 1945 are taken from 1788 # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 1789 1790 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1791 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1792 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1793 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1794 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1795 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1796 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1797 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1798 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1799 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1800 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1801 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1802 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1803 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1804 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1805 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1806 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1807 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1808 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1809 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1810 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1811 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1812 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1813 # 1814 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1815 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1816 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1817 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1818 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1819 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1820 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1821 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1822 1:00 EU CE%sT 1823 1824 # Norway 1825 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1826 # Pottenger. 1827 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1828 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1829 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1830 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1831 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1832 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1833 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1834 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1835 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1836 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1837 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1838 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1839 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1840 1:00 EU CE%sT 1841 1842 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1843 1844 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1845 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1846 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1847 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1848 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1849 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1850 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 1851 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 1852 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1853 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1854 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1855 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1856 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1857 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1858 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1859 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1860 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1861 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1862 1863 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): 1864 # 1865 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1866 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1867 # keeping Berlin time. 1868 # 1869 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1870 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1871 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1872 # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1873 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1874 # the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1875 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1876 # 1877 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1878 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1879 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1880 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1881 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1882 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1883 # <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 1884 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1885 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1886 # 1887 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 1888 # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1889 # war years it's probably best just do...the following for now: 1890 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1891 1892 # Poland 1893 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1894 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1895 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1896 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1897 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1898 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1899 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1900 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1901 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1902 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1903 # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1904 # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1905 # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1906 # He also gives these further references: 1907 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1908 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1909 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1910 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1911 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1912 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1913 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1914 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1915 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1916 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1917 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1918 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1919 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1920 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1921 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1922 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1923 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1924 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1925 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1926 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1927 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1928 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1929 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1930 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1931 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1932 1:00 EU CE%sT 1933 1934 # Portugal 1935 # 1936 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 1937 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1938 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1939 # 1940 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1941 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1942 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1943 # 1944 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1945 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1946 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1947 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1948 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1949 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1950 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1951 # 1952 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1953 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1954 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1955 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1956 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1957 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1958 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1959 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1960 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1961 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1962 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1963 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1964 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1965 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1966 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1967 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1968 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1969 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1970 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1971 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1972 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1973 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1974 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1975 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1976 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1977 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1978 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1979 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 1980 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1981 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1982 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1983 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1984 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1985 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1986 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1987 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1988 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1989 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1990 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 1991 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1992 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 1993 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1994 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 1995 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 1996 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 1997 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 1998 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 1999 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2000 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2001 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2002 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2003 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2004 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2005 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2006 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2007 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2008 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2009 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2010 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2011 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2012 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2013 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2014 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2015 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2016 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 2017 # Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 2018 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 2019 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2020 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2021 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2022 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2023 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2024 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2025 0:00 EU WE%sT 2026 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2027 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 2028 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2029 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2030 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2031 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2032 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2033 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2034 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 2035 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2036 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2037 0:00 EU WE%sT 2038 2039 # Romania 2040 # 2041 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2042 # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 2043 # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2044 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2045 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2046 # the same year as Bulgaria. 2047 # 2048 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2049 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2050 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2051 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2052 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2053 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2054 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2055 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2056 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2057 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2058 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2059 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2060 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2061 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2062 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2063 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2064 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2065 2:00 EU EE%sT 2066 2067 # Russia 2068 2069 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2070 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2071 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2072 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2073 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2074 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2075 # 2076 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2077 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2078 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2079 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2080 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2081 # 2082 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2083 # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2084 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2085 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2086 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2087 # 2088 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2089 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2090 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2091 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2092 # 2093 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2094 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2095 # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2096 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2097 # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 2098 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2099 # 2100 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2101 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2102 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2103 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2104 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2105 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2106 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2107 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2108 # 2109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2110 # 2111 # Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 2112 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2113 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2114 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2115 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2116 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2117 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 2118 # 2119 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2120 # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 2121 # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 2122 # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 2123 # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 2124 # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 2125 # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2126 # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 2127 # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 2128 # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 2129 # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 2130 # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2131 # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 2132 # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2133 # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 2134 # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 2135 # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 2136 # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 2137 # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 2138 # Yaroslavskaya oblast' 2139 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2140 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2141 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2142 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2143 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2144 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2145 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2146 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2147 4:00 - MSK 2148 # 2149 # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2150 # Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2151 # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2152 # others? But we have no data. 2153 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2154 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2155 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2156 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2157 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2158 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2159 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2160 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2161 4:00 - VOLT 2162 # 2163 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2164 # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 2165 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2166 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2167 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2168 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2169 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2170 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2171 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2172 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2173 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2174 4:00 - SAMT 2175 2176 # 2177 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2178 # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2179 # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 2180 # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 2181 # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 2182 # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2183 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2184 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2185 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2186 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2187 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2188 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time 2189 # 2190 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2191 # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 2192 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2193 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 2194 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2195 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2196 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2197 7:00 - OMST 2198 # 2199 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2200 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2201 # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 2202 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2203 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2204 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2205 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2206 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2207 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2208 7:00 - NOVT 2209 2210 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2211 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2212 # March 28, 2010: 2213 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2214 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2215 # 2216 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2217 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2218 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2219 # 2220 # Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2221 # <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2222 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2223 # </a> 2224 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2225 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2226 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2227 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2228 # </a> 2229 # 2230 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2231 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2232 # 2233 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2234 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2235 2236 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2237 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2238 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2239 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2240 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2241 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2242 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2243 2244 # 2245 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2246 # Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2247 # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 2248 # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2249 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2250 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2251 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2252 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2253 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2254 8:00 - KRAT 2255 # 2256 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2257 # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 2258 # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2259 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 2260 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2261 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2262 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2263 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2264 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2265 9:00 - IRKT 2266 # 2267 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2268 # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 2269 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2270 2271 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2272 # ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005... 2273 # Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. 2274 # YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. 2275 2276 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2277 # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2278 # Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2279 # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2280 # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, 2281 # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2282 # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. 2283 2284 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2285 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2286 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2287 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2288 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2289 10:00 - YAKT 2290 # 2291 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2292 # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 2293 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2294 2295 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2296 # The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, 2297 # Ust'-Yanskij. 2298 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2299 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2300 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2301 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2302 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2303 11:00 - VLAT 2304 # 2305 # Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 2306 # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2307 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2308 9:00 - CJT 1938 2309 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2310 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 2311 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2312 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2313 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2314 11:00 - SAKT 2315 # 2316 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2317 # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2318 # Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2319 2320 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2321 # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, 2322 # Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij. 2323 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2324 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2325 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2326 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2327 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2328 12:00 - MAGT 2329 # 2330 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2331 # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2332 # 2333 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 2334 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2335 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 2336 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2337 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2338 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2339 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2340 12:00 - PETT 2341 # 2342 # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 2343 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2344 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2345 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2346 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2347 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2348 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2349 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2350 12:00 - ANAT 2351 2352 # Serbia 2353 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2354 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2355 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2356 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2357 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2358 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2359 # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2360 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2361 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2362 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2363 1:00 EU CE%sT 2364 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2365 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2366 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2367 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2368 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2369 2370 # Slovakia 2371 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2372 2373 # Slovenia 2374 # see Serbia 2375 2376 # Spain 2377 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2378 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2379 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2380 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2381 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2382 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2383 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2384 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2385 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2386 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2387 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2388 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2389 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2390 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2391 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2392 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2393 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2394 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2395 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2396 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2397 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2398 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2399 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2400 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2401 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2402 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2403 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2404 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2405 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2406 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2407 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2408 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2409 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2410 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2411 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2412 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2413 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2414 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2415 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2416 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2417 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2418 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2419 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2420 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2421 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2422 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2423 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2424 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2425 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2426 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2427 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2428 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2429 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2430 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2431 1:00 EU CE%sT 2432 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2433 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2434 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2435 0:00 - WET 1924 2436 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2437 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2438 1:00 - CET 1986 2439 1:00 EU CE%sT 2440 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2441 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 2442 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2443 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2444 0:00 EU WE%sT 2445 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2446 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2447 2448 # Sweden 2449 2450 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2451 # 2452 # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2453 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2454 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2455 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2456 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2457 # 2458 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2459 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2460 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2461 # 2462 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2463 # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2464 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2465 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2466 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2467 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2468 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2469 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2470 # 2471 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2472 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2473 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2474 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2475 # 2476 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2477 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2478 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2479 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2480 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2481 # the Sok-button). 2482 # 2483 # (2001-05-13): 2484 # 2485 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2486 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2487 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2488 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2489 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2490 # hour before the event took place. 2491 # 2492 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2493 2494 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2495 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2496 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2497 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2498 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 2499 1:00 - CET 1980 2500 1:00 EU CE%sT 2501 2502 # Switzerland 2503 # From Howse: 2504 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2505 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2506 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2507 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2508 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 2509 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2510 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2511 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2512 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2513 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2514 2515 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2516 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2517 # 2518 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2519 # to be wrong. This is now verified. 2520 # 2521 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2522 # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2523 # federal law collection)... 2524 # 2525 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2526 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2527 # 2528 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2529 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2530 # 2531 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2532 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2533 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2534 # other years are made. 2535 # 2536 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2537 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2538 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2539 # a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2540 # 2541 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2542 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2543 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2544 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2545 # 2546 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2547 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2548 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2549 # 2550 # The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2551 # 2552 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2553 # most users of tzdata: 2554 # The zone file 2555 # Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2556 # 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time 2557 # 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2558 # 1:00 EU CE%sT 2559 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2560 # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2561 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2562 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2563 2564 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2565 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2566 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2567 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2568 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2569 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 2570 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2571 1:00 EU CE%sT 2572 2573 # Turkey 2574 2575 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2576 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2577 # ... The latest rules are available at - 2578 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2579 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2580 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2581 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2582 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2583 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2584 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2585 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2586 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2587 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2588 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2589 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2590 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2591 2592 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2593 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2594 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2595 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2596 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2597 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2598 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2599 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2600 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2601 2602 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 2603 # 2604 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 2605 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 2606 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 2607 # 2608 # <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872"> 2609 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 2610 # </a> 2611 # Turkish: 2612 # <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373"> 2613 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 2614 # </a> 2615 2616 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2617 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2618 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2619 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2620 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2621 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2622 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2623 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2624 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2625 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2626 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2627 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 2628 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2629 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2630 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 2631 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 2632 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 2633 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2634 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2635 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2636 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2637 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2638 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 2639 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2640 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2641 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2642 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 2643 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2644 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2645 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 2646 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2647 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2648 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 2649 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2650 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 2651 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2652 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2653 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2654 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 2655 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 2656 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2657 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 2658 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 2659 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2660 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2661 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2662 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2663 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 2664 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 2665 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 2666 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 2667 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 2668 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 2669 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2670 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2671 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2672 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2673 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2674 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2675 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2676 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2677 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2678 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2679 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2680 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2681 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2682 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2683 2:00 EU EE%sT 2684 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2685 2686 # Ukraine 2687 # 2688 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, 2689 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2690 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment 2691 # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2692 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2693 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2694 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2695 2696 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 2697 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 2698 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 2699 # 2700 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 2701 # approval from 266 deputies. 2702 # 2703 # Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian) 2704 # <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/"> 2705 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 2706 # </a> 2707 # 2708 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 2709 # <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html"> 2710 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 2711 # </a> 2712 # 2713 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 2714 # <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/"> 2715 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 2716 # </a> 2717 # 2718 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 2719 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 2720 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 2721 # time this year after all. 2722 # 2723 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 2724 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone 2725 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 2726 # to Russia) was reverted today: 2727 # 2728 # <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995"> 2729 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 2730 # </a> 2731 # 2732 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 2733 # The law documents themselves are at 2734 # 2735 # <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484"> 2736 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 2737 # </a> 2738 2739 2740 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2741 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2742 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2743 # "Kiev" is more common in English. 2744 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2745 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2746 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2747 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 2748 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 2749 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2750 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2751 2:00 - EET 1992 2752 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2753 2:00 EU EE%sT 2754 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2755 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2756 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 2757 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 2758 1:00 - CET 1940 2759 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2760 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 2761 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 2762 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2763 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2764 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2765 2:00 - EET 1992 2766 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2767 2:00 EU EE%sT 2768 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2769 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2770 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2771 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2772 # portable Posix file names. 2773 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2774 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 2775 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2776 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 2777 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 2778 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2779 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2780 2:00 EU EE%sT 2781 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2782 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2783 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2784 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2785 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2786 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2787 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2788 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2789 2:00 - EET 1992 2790 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2791 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2792 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2793 # Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2794 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2795 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2796 # changed in May. 2797 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2798 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2799 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2800 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2801 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2802 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2803 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2804 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2805 2:00 EU EE%sT 2806 2807 ############################################################################### 2808 2809 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2810 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2811 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2812 # 2813 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2814 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 2815 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 2816 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 2817 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 2818 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 2819 2820 # ... 2821 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2822 # From: Tom Hofmann 2823 # ... 2824 # 2825 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 2826 # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 2827 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 2828 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 2829 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 2830 # years... 2831 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 2832 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 2833 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 2834 # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 2835 # 2836 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 2837 # Soviet Union (as far as I know). 2838 # 2839 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 2840 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland 2841 # ... 2842 2843 # ... 2844 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2845 # From: Dik T. Winter 2846 # ... 2847 # 2848 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 2849 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 2850 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 2851 # 2852 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 2853 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 2854 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 2855 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 2856 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 2857 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 2858 # dates... 2859 # 2860 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 2861 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 2862 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 2863 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 2864 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 2865 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 2866 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2867 # in advance of normal time. 2868 # 2869 # ... 2870 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2871 # ... 2872 2873 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 2874 # ... 2875 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2876 # Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2877 # ... 2878 # Monaco: has same DST as France. 2879 # ... --- EOF ---