606 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
607 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
608
609 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
610 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
611 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
612 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
613 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
614 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
615 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
616 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
617 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
618 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
619 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
620 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
621 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
622 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
623 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
624 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
625 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
626 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
627 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
628 #
629 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
630 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
631 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
632 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
633 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
634 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
635
636 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
637 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
638 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
639 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
640 #
641 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
642 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
643 #
644 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
645 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
646
647 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
648 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
649 # to be standard.
650
651 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
652
653 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
654 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
655 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
1011 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
1012 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
1013 #
1014 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
1015 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
1016 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
1017 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
1018 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
1019
1020 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
1021 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
1022 # there at 2:00 AM.
1023
1024 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1025 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
1026 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
1027 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
1028 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
1029 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
1030 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
1031 #
1032 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1033 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1034 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1035 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1036 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1037 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1038 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1039 #
1040 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1041 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1042 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1043 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
1044 0:00 - GMT
1045 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1046 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1047 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1048 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1049 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1050 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1051 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1052 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1053 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1054
1055 # Estonia
1056 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1057 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1058 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1059 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1060 #
1061 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1062 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1063 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1064 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1065 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1066 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1067 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1068 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1069 # summer time next spring."
1070
1071 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1072 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1073 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1074 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1075 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1629 # Liechtenstein
1630
1631 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
1632 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
1633
1634 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
1635 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
1636 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
1637 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
1638 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
1639 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
1640 # central European time was in force throughout the year.
1641 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
1642 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
1643
1644 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
1645
1646
1647 # Lithuania
1648
1649 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1650 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1651 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1652
1653 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1654 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1655 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1656
1657 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
1658 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1659 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1660 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
1661 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1662 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1663 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1664 # already done by Estonia.
1665
1666 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1667 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
1668 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1669
1670 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1671 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1672 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1673 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1674 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1675 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1676 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1677
1678
1679 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1680 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1681 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1682 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1683 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1684 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1685 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1686 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1687 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1688 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1689 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1690 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1691 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1692 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1693 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1694 2:00 EU EE%sT
1695
1696 # Luxembourg
1697 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1698 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1699 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1700 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1701 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1702 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1703 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1704 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1705 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1706 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1707 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1708 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1709 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1734
1735 # Malta
1736 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1737 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1738 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1739 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1740 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1741 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1742 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1743 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1744 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1745 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1746 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1747 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1748 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1749 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1750 1:00 EU CE%sT
1751
1752 # Moldova
1753
1754 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1755 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1756 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1757 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1758 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1759 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1760 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
1761 # But [two people] separately reported via
1762 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1763 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1764 #
1765 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1766 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
1767 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
1768 # to the Winter Time).
1769 #
1770 # News (in Russian):
1771 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1772 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1773 #
1792 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
1793 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
1794 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
1795 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
1796 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
1797 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
1798 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
1799 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
1800
1801 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1802 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1803 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
1804
1805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1806 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1807 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1808 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1809 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1810 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1811 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1812 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1813 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1814 2:00 - EET 1991
1815 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1816 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1817 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1818 2:00 Moldova EE%sT
1819
1820 # Monaco
1821 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1822 # more precise 0:09:21.
1823 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1824 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1825 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1826 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1827 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1828 1:00 EU CE%sT
1829
1830 # Montenegro
1831 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1832
1833 # Netherlands
1834
2272 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2273 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2274
2275 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2276 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2277 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2278 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2279 # listing. The region codes listed come from
2280 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2281 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2282 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2283 # divisions where available.
2284
2285 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2286
2287
2288 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2289 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2290 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2291
2292 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2293 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2294 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2295 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2296 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2297 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2298 2:00 - EET
2299
2300
2301 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2302 # Europe/Moscow covers...
2303 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2304 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2305 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2306 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2307 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2308 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2309 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2310 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2311 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2312 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2313 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2314 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2315 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2316 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2317 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2318 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2319 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2320 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2321 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2324 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2325 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2326 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2327 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2328 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2329 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2330 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2331 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2332 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2333 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2334 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2335 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2336 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2337 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2338 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2339 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2340 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2341 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2342 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2343 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2344 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2345 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2346 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2347 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2348 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2349
2350 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2351 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2352 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2353 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2354 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2355 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2356 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2357 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2358 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2359 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2360 # 2:31:19 ...
2361 #
2362 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2363 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2364 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2365 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2366 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2367
2368 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2369 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2403 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2404 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2405 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
2406 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2407 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2408 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2409 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2410 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2411 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2412 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2413 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2414 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2415 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2416 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2417 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2418 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2419 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2420 3:00 - MSK
2421
2422
2423 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2424 # Europe/Volgograd covers...
2425 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2426 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2427 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2428 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2429
2430 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
2431 # Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
2432 # Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
2433
2434 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2435 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2436 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2437 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2438 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2439 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2440 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2441 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2442 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2443 3:00 - MSK
2444
2445
2446 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2447 # Europe/Samara covers...
2448 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2449 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2450
2451 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2452
2453 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2454 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2455 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2456 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2457 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2458 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2459 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2460 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2461 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2462 4:00 - SAMT
2463
2464
2465 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2466 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2467 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2468 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2469 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2470 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2471 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2472 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2473 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2474 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2475 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2476 #
2477 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2478 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2479
2480 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2481 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2482 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2483 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
2484
2485 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2486 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2487 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
2488 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2489 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2490 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2491 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2492 5:00 - YEKT
2493
2494
2495 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2496 # Asia/Omsk covers...
2497 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2498 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2499 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2500
2501 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2502
2503 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2504 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
2505 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2506 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2507 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2508 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2509 6:00 - OMST
2510
2511
2512 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2513 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
2514 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2515 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2516
2517 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
2518 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
2519
2520 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2521 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2522 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2523 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2524 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2525 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2526 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2527 6:00 - NOVT
2528
2529
2530 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2531 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2532 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2533
2534 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2535 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2536 # March 28, 2010:
2537 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2538 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2539 #
2540 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
2541 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2542 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2543 #
2544 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2545 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2546 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2547 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2548 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2549 #
2550 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2551 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2552 #
2553 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2554 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2555
2556 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2557 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2558 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2559
2560 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2561 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2562 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2563 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2564 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2565 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk
2566 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2567 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
2568
2569
2570 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2571 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2572 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2573 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2574 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2603 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2604 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
2605 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2606 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2607 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2608 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2609 8:00 - IRKT
2610
2611
2612 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2613 # Asia/Chita covers...
2614 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
2615 #
2616 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2617 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2618
2619 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
2620 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
2621 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
2622 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
2623 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/000120151230010
2624
2625 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2626 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2627 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2628 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2629 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2630 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2631 8:00 - IRKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00
2632 9:00 - YAKT
2633
2634
2635 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2636 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
2637 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
2638 #
2639 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2640 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2641 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2642 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2643 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2714 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2715 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2716
2717 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2718 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2719 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2720 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2721 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
2722 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2723 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2724 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2725 9:00 - YAKT
2726
2727
2728 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2729 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
2730 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
2731 # ...with the exception of:
2732 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2733
2734 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2735 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2736 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
2737 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2738 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
2739 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2740 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2741 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2742 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2743 10:00 - SAKT
2744
2745
2746 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2747 # Asia/Magadan covers...
2748 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
2749
2750 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2751 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
2752 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
2753 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
2754 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
2755 # need their own zone.
2756
2757 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2758 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2759 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2760 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2761 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2762 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2763 10:00 - MAGT
2764
2765
2766 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2767 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2768 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
2769 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
2770 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
2771 # 14-17 **** Momsky District
2772 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
2773 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
2774 #
2775 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
2776 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2777
2778 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
2779 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
2780 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
2781 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
2782 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
2783 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
|
606 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
607 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
608
609 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
610 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
611 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
612 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
613 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
614 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
615 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
616 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
617 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
618 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
619 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
620 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
621 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
622 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
623 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
624 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
625 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
626 Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
627 Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
628 #
629 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
630 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
631
632 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
633 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
634 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
635 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
636 #
637 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
638 # title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
639 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
640 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
641 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
642 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
643 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
644 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
645 # oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
646 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
647 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
648 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
649 # rules (Moscow time)
650 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
651
652 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
653 # Unamended version of the act of the
654 # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
655 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
656 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
657 # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
658 # at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
659
660 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
661 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
662 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
663 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
664 #
665 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
666 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
667 #
668 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
669 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
670
671 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
672 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
673 # to be standard.
674
675 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
676
677 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
678 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
679 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
1035 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
1036 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
1037 #
1038 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
1039 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
1040 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
1041 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
1042 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
1043
1044 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
1045 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
1046 # there at 2:00 AM.
1047
1048 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1049 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
1050 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
1051 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
1052 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
1053 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
1054 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
1055
1056 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
1057 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
1058 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
1059 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
1060 # It is their only National Park.
1061 #
1062 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1063 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1064 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1065 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1066 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1067 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1068 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1069 #
1070 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1071 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1072 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1073 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
1074 0:00 - GMT
1075 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1076 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1077 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1078 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1079 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1080 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1081 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1082 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1083 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1084
1085 # Estonia
1086 #
1087 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1088 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1089 #
1090 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1091 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1092 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1093 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1094 #
1095 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1096 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1097 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1098 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1099 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1100 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1101 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1102 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1103 # summer time next spring."
1104
1105 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1106 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1107 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1108 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1109 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1663 # Liechtenstein
1664
1665 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
1666 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
1667
1668 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
1669 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
1670 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
1671 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
1672 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
1673 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
1674 # central European time was in force throughout the year.
1675 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
1676 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
1677
1678 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
1679
1680
1681 # Lithuania
1682
1683 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1684 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1685
1686 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1687 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1688 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1689
1690 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1691 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1692 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1693
1694 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
1695 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1696 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1697 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
1698 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1699 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1700 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1701 # already done by Estonia.
1702
1703 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1704 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
1705 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1706
1707 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1708 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1709 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1710 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1711 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1712 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1713 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1714
1715
1716 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1717 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1718 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1719 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1720 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1721 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1722 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1723 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1724 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1725 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1726 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1727 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1728 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1729 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1730 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1731 2:00 EU EE%sT
1732
1733 # Luxembourg
1734 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1735 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1736 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1737 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1738 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1739 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1740 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1741 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1742 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1743 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1744 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1745 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1746 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1771
1772 # Malta
1773 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1774 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1775 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1776 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1777 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1778 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1779 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1780 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1781 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1782 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1783 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1784 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1785 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1786 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1787 1:00 EU CE%sT
1788
1789 # Moldova
1790
1791 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
1792 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
1793 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
1794 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
1795 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
1796 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
1797 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
1798 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
1799 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
1800
1801 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1802 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1803 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1804 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1805 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1806 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1807 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
1808 # But [two people] separately reported via
1809 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1810 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1811 #
1812 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1813 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
1814 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
1815 # to the Winter Time).
1816 #
1817 # News (in Russian):
1818 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1819 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1820 #
1839 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
1840 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
1841 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
1842 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
1843 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
1844 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
1845 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
1846 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
1847
1848 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1849 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1850 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
1851
1852 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1853 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1854 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1855 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1856 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1857 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1858 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1859 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00
1860 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1861 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1862 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1863 2:00 Moldova EE%sT
1864
1865 # Monaco
1866 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1867 # more precise 0:09:21.
1868 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1869 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1870 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1871 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1872 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1873 1:00 EU CE%sT
1874
1875 # Montenegro
1876 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1877
1878 # Netherlands
1879
2317 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2318 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2319
2320 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2321 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2322 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2323 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2324 # listing. The region codes listed come from
2325 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2326 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2327 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2328 # divisions where available.
2329
2330 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2331
2332
2333 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2334 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2335 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2336
2337 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2338 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2339
2340 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2341 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
2342 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
2343 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
2344 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
2345 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
2346 # ...
2347 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2348 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
2349 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
2350 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
2351
2352 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2353 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2354 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2355 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2356 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2357 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2358 2:00 - EET
2359
2360
2361 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
2362 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2363 # Europe/Moscow covers...
2364 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2365 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2366 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2367 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2368 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2369 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2370 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2371 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2372 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2373 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2374 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2375 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2376 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2377 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2378 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2379 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2380 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2381 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2382 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2385 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2386 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2387 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2388 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2389 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2390 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2391 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2392 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2393 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2394 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2395 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2396 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2397 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2398 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2399 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2400 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2401 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2402 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2403 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2404 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2405 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2406 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2407 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2408 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2409
2410 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2411 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
2412 # Wikipedia refers to
2413 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
2414 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
2415 #
2416 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
2417 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
2418 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the
2419 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
2420 # time belt changes map).
2421 #
2422 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
2423 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
2424 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
2425 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
2426 # according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
2427 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
2428 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
2429 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
2430 # supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
2431 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
2432 # is also provided.
2433 #
2434 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
2435 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
2436 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
2437 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
2438 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
2439 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
2440 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
2441 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
2442 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
2443 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
2444 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
2445 # time.
2446 #
2447 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2448 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
2449 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
2450 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
2451 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okurg. Probably erroneously.
2452 #
2453 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
2454 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
2455 #
2456 # 12. Udmurtia
2457 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
2458 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
2459 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
2460 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2461 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
2462 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
2463 #
2464 # ...
2465 #
2466 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
2467 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
2468 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
2469 #
2470 # There were some exceptions, though.
2471 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
2472 # Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
2473 # change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
2474 # lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
2475 #
2476 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
2477 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2478 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
2479 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
2480 # http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
2481 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
2482 # 2 days before the switch.
2483 #
2484 #
2485 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2486 # Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
2487 # chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries
2488 # should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
2489 # time in Moscow.
2490
2491 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2492 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2493 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2494 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2495 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2496 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2497 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2498 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2499 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2500 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2501 # 2:31:19 ...
2502 #
2503 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2504 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2505 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2506 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2507 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2508
2509 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2510 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2544 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2545 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2546 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
2547 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2548 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2549 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2550 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2551 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2552 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2553 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2554 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2555 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2556 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2557 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2558 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2559 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2560 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2561 3:00 - MSK
2562
2563
2564 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2565 # Europe/Astrakhan covers:
2566 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2567 #
2568 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2569
2570 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
2571 # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
2572 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
2573 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
2574 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2575 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2576
2577 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2578 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2579 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2580 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2581 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2582 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2583 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2584 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2585 4:00 - +04
2586
2587 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2588 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2589 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2590 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2591 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2592
2593 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2594 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2595 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2596 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2597 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1988 Mar 27 2:00s # Volgograd T
2598 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2599 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2600 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2601 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2602 3:00 - MSK
2603
2604 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2605 # Europe/Kirov covers:
2606 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2607 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2608 #
2609 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2610 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2611 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2612 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2613 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2614 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2615 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2616 3:00 - +03
2617
2618 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2619 # Europe/Samara covers...
2620 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2621 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2622
2623 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2624 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2625 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2626
2627 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2628 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samara Time
2629 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2630 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2631 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2632 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2633 3:00 - SAMT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2634 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2635 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2636 4:00 - SAMT
2637
2638 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2639 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
2640 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2641
2642 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2643
2644 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2645 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
2646 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
2647 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
2648 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2649 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
2650
2651 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2652 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2653 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2654 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2655 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2656 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2657 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2658 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2659 4:00 - +04
2660
2661 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2662 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2663 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2664 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2665 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2666 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2667 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2668 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2669 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2670 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2671 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2672 #
2673 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2674 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2675
2676 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2677 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2678 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2679 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
2680
2681 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2682 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2683 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
2684 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2685 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2686 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2687 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2688 5:00 - YEKT
2689
2690
2691 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2692 # Asia/Omsk covers...
2693 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2694
2695 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2696
2697 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2698 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
2699 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2700 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2701 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2702 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2703 6:00 - OMST
2704
2705 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
2706 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
2707 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2708 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2709
2710 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2711
2712 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2713 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2714 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2715 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2716 # 1995-05-28.
2717 #
2718 # http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2719 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2720 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
2721 # after 1957: UTC+7
2722 # since 1995: UTC+6
2723 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2724 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
2725
2726 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2727 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
2728 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
2729 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
2730 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
2731 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2732 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
2733 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
2734
2735 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
2736 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2737 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2738 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2739 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
2740 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2741 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2742 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2743 7:00 - +07
2744
2745 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2746 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
2747 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2748
2749 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2750 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2751 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2752 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2753 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2754 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2755 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2756 6:00 - NOVT
2757
2758 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2759 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
2760 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2761
2762 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
2763 # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
2764
2765 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2766 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
2767
2768 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
2769 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
2770 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
2771 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
2772 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
2773 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
2774 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
2775 # with time zones in 2011 with different numberings (there was a
2776 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
2777
2778 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
2779 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
2780 # This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast
2781 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
2782 # 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
2783 # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
2784 # and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected
2785 # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
2786 # recent changes).
2787 #
2788 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
2789 # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
2790 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
2791 # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
2792 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
2793 # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
2794 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
2795 # published as a law around 2016-04-26.
2796
2797 Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
2798 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2799 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2800 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2801 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00
2802 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2803 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2804 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s
2805 7:00 - +07
2806
2807
2808 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2809 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2810 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2811
2812 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2813 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2814 # March 28, 2010:
2815 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2816 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2817 #
2818 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
2819 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2820 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2821 #
2822 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2823 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2824 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2825 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2826 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2827 #
2828 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2829 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2830
2831 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2832 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2833 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2834
2835 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2836 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2837 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2838 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2839 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2840 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk
2841 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2842 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
2843
2844
2845 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2846 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2847 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2848 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2849 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2878 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2879 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
2880 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2881 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2882 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2883 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2884 8:00 - IRKT
2885
2886
2887 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2888 # Asia/Chita covers...
2889 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
2890 #
2891 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2892 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2893
2894 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
2895 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
2896 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
2897 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
2898 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
2899
2900 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2901 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2902 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2903 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2904 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2905 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2906 8:00 - IRKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00
2907 9:00 - YAKT
2908
2909
2910 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2911 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
2912 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
2913 #
2914 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2915 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2916 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2917 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2918 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2989 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2990 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2991
2992 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2993 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2994 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2995 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2996 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
2997 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2998 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2999 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3000 9:00 - YAKT
3001
3002
3003 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3004 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
3005 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
3006 # ...with the exception of:
3007 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3008
3009 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
3010 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3011 # (2016-03-09):
3012 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
3013
3014 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
3015 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
3016 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
3017 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
3018 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
3019 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3020 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
3021 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3022 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3023 10:00 - SAKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
3024 11:00 - SAKT
3025
3026
3027 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3028 # Asia/Magadan covers...
3029 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
3030
3031 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3032 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
3033 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
3034 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
3035 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
3036 # need their own zone.
3037
3038 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
3039 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3040 # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
3041 #
3042 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
3043 # ... signed by the President today ...
3044 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
3045
3046 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3047 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
3048 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3049 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3050 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3051 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3052 10:00 - MAGT 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
3053 11:00 - MAGT
3054
3055
3056 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3057 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3058 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
3059 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
3060 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
3061 # 14-17 **** Momsky District
3062 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
3063 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
3064 #
3065 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
3066 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3067
3068 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
3069 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
3070 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
3071 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
3072 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
3073 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
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