- All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable
public final class Pattern extends Object implements Serializable
A regular expression, specified as a string, must first be compiled into
an instance of this class. The resulting pattern can then be used to create
a Matcher
object that can match arbitrary character sequences against the regular
expression. All of the state involved in performing a match resides in the
matcher, so many matchers can share the same pattern.
A typical invocation sequence is thus
Pattern p = Pattern.compile
("a*b"); Matcher m = p.matcher
("aaaaab"); boolean b = m.matches
();
A matches
method is defined by this class as a
convenience for when a regular expression is used just once. This method
compiles an expression and matches an input sequence against it in a single
invocation. The statement
is equivalent to the three statements above, though for repeated matches it is less efficient since it does not allow the compiled pattern to be reused.boolean b = Pattern.matches("a*b", "aaaaab");
Instances of this class are immutable and are safe for use by multiple
concurrent threads. Instances of the Matcher
class are not safe for
such use.
Summary of regular-expression constructs
Construct | Matches |
---|---|
Characters | |
x | The character x |
\\ |
The backslash character |
\0 n |
The character with octal value 0 n
(0 <= n <= 7) |
\0 nn |
The character with octal value 0 nn
(0 <= n <= 7) |
\0 mnn |
The character with octal value 0 mnn
(0 <= m <= 3,
0 <= n <= 7) |
\x hh |
The character with hexadecimal value 0x hh |
\u hhhh |
The character with hexadecimal value 0x hhhh |
\x {h...h} |
The character with hexadecimal value 0x h...h
(Character.MIN_CODE_POINT
<= 0x h...h <=
Character.MAX_CODE_POINT ) |
\N{ name} |
The character with Unicode character name 'name' |
\t |
The tab character ('\u0009' ) |
\n |
The newline (line feed) character ('\u000A' ) |
\r |
The carriage-return character ('\u000D' ) |
\f |
The form-feed character ('\u000C' ) |
\a |
The alert (bell) character ('\u0007' ) |
\e |
The escape character ('\u001B' ) |
\c x |
The control character corresponding to x |
Character classes | |
[abc] |
a , b , or c (simple class) |
[^abc] |
Any character except a , b , or c (negation) |
[a-zA-Z] |
a through z
or A through Z , inclusive (range) |
[a-d[m-p]] |
a through d ,
or m through p : [a-dm-p] (union) |
[a-z&&[def]] |
d , e , or f (intersection) |
[a-z&&[^bc]] |
a through z ,
except for b and c : [ad-z] (subtraction) |
[a-z&&[^m-p]] |
a through z ,
and not m through p : [a-lq-z] (subtraction) |
Predefined character classes | |
. |
Any character (may or may not match line terminators) |
\d |
A digit: [0-9] |
\D |
A non-digit: [^0-9] |
\h |
A horizontal whitespace character:
[ \t\xA0\u1680\u180e\u2000-\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000] |
\H |
A non-horizontal whitespace character: [^\h] |
\s |
A whitespace character: [ \t\n\x0B\f\r] |
\S |
A non-whitespace character: [^\s] |
\v |
A vertical whitespace character: [\n\x0B\f\r\x85\u2028\u2029]
|
\V |
A non-vertical whitespace character: [^\v] |
\w |
A word character: [a-zA-Z_0-9] |
\W |
A non-word character: [^\w] |
POSIX character classes (US-ASCII only) | |
\p{Lower} |
A lower-case alphabetic character: [a-z] |
\p{Upper} |
An upper-case alphabetic character:[A-Z] |
\p{ASCII} |
All ASCII:[\x00-\x7F] |
\p{Alpha} |
An alphabetic character:[\p{Lower}\p{Upper}] |
\p{Digit} |
A decimal digit: [0-9] |
\p{Alnum} |
An alphanumeric character:[\p{Alpha}\p{Digit}] |
\p{Punct} |
Punctuation: One of !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~ |
\p{Graph} |
A visible character: [\p{Alnum}\p{Punct}] |
\p{Print} |
A printable character: [\p{Graph}\x20] |
\p{Blank} |
A space or a tab: [ \t] |
\p{Cntrl} |
A control character: [\x00-\x1F\x7F] |
\p{XDigit} |
A hexadecimal digit: [0-9a-fA-F] |
\p{Space} |
A whitespace character: [ \t\n\x0B\f\r] |
java.lang.Character classes (simple java character type) | |
\p{javaLowerCase} |
Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isLowerCase() |
\p{javaUpperCase} |
Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isUpperCase() |
\p{javaWhitespace} |
Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isWhitespace() |
\p{javaMirrored} |
Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isMirrored() |
Classes for Unicode scripts, blocks, categories and binary properties | |
\p{IsLatin} |
A Latin script character (script) |
\p{InGreek} |
A character in the Greek block (block) |
\p{Lu} |
An uppercase letter (category) |
\p{IsAlphabetic} |
An alphabetic character (binary property) |
\p{Sc} |
A currency symbol |
\P{InGreek} |
Any character except one in the Greek block (negation) |
[\p{L}&&[^\p{Lu}]] |
Any letter except an uppercase letter (subtraction) |
Boundary matchers | |
^ |
The beginning of a line |
$ |
The end of a line |
\b |
A word boundary |
\b{g} |
A Unicode extended grapheme cluster boundary |
\B |
A non-word boundary |
\A |
The beginning of the input |
\G |
The end of the previous match |
\Z |
The end of the input but for the final terminator, if any |
\z |
The end of the input |
Linebreak matcher | |
\R |
Any Unicode linebreak sequence, is equivalent to
\u000D\u000A|[\u000A\u000B\u000C\u000D\u0085\u2028\u2029]
|
Unicode Extended Grapheme matcher | |
\X |
Any Unicode extended grapheme cluster |
Greedy quantifiers | |
X? |
X, once or not at all |
X* |
X, zero or more times |
X+ |
X, one or more times |
X{ n} |
X, exactly n times |
X{ n, } |
X, at least n times |
X{ n, m} |
X, at least n but not more than m times |
Reluctant quantifiers | |
X?? |
X, once or not at all |
X*? |
X, zero or more times |
X+? |
X, one or more times |
X{ n}? |
X, exactly n times |
X{ n,}? |
X, at least n times |
X{ n, m}? |
X, at least n but not more than m times |
Possessive quantifiers | |
X?+ |
X, once or not at all |
X*+ |
X, zero or more times |
X++ |
X, one or more times |
X{ n}+ |
X, exactly n times |
X{ n,}+ |
X, at least n times |
X{ n, m}+ |
X, at least n but not more than m times |
Logical operators | |
XY | X followed by Y |
X| Y |
Either X or Y |
( X) |
X, as a capturing group |
Back references | |
\ n |
Whatever the nth capturing group matched |
\ k<name> |
Whatever the named-capturing group "name" matched |
Quotation | |
\ |
Nothing, but quotes the following character |
\Q |
Nothing, but quotes all characters until \E |
\E |
Nothing, but ends quoting started by \Q |
Special constructs (named-capturing and non-capturing) | |
(?<name> X) |
X, as a named-capturing group |
(?: X) |
X, as a non-capturing group |
(?idmsuxU-idmsuxU) |
Nothing, but turns match flags i d m s u x U on - off |
(?idmsuxU-idmsuxU: X) |
X, as a non-capturing group with the given flags i d m s u x U on - off |
(?= X) |
X, via zero-width positive lookahead |
(?! X) |
X, via zero-width negative lookahead |
(?<= X) |
X, via zero-width positive lookbehind |
(?<! X) |
X, via zero-width negative lookbehind |
(?> X) |
X, as an independent, non-capturing group |
Backslashes, escapes, and quoting
The backslash character ('\'
) serves to introduce escaped
constructs, as defined in the table above, as well as to quote characters
that otherwise would be interpreted as unescaped constructs. Thus the
expression \\
matches a single backslash and \{
matches a
left brace.
It is an error to use a backslash prior to any alphabetic character that does not denote an escaped construct; these are reserved for future extensions to the regular-expression language. A backslash may be used prior to a non-alphabetic character regardless of whether that character is part of an unescaped construct.
Backslashes within string literals in Java source code are interpreted
as required by
The Java Language Specification
as either Unicode escapes (section 3.3) or other character escapes (section 3.10.6)
It is therefore necessary to double backslashes in string
literals that represent regular expressions to protect them from
interpretation by the Java bytecode compiler. The string literal
"\b"
, for example, matches a single backspace character when
interpreted as a regular expression, while "\\b"
matches a
word boundary. The string literal "\(hello\)"
is illegal
and leads to a compile-time error; in order to match the string
(hello)
the string literal "\\(hello\\)"
must be used.
Character Classes
Character classes may appear within other character classes, and
may be composed by the union operator (implicit) and the intersection
operator (&&
).
The union operator denotes a class that contains every character that is
in at least one of its operand classes. The intersection operator
denotes a class that contains every character that is in both of its
operand classes.
The precedence of character-class operators is as follows, from highest to lowest:
Precedence | Name | Example |
---|---|---|
1 | Literal escape | \x |
2 | Grouping | [...] |
3 | Range | a-z |
4 | Union | [a-e][i-u] |
5 | Intersection | [a-z&&[aeiou]] |
Note that a different set of metacharacters are in effect inside
a character class than outside a character class. For instance, the
regular expression .
loses its special meaning inside a
character class, while the expression -
becomes a range
forming metacharacter.
Line terminators
A line terminator is a one- or two-character sequence that marks the end of a line of the input character sequence. The following are recognized as line terminators:
- A newline (line feed) character (
'\n'
), - A carriage-return character followed immediately by a newline
character (
"\r\n"
), - A standalone carriage-return character (
'\r'
), - A next-line character (
'\u0085'
), - A line-separator character (
'\u2028'
), or - A paragraph-separator character (
'\u2029'
).
If UNIX_LINES
mode is activated, then the only line terminators
recognized are newline characters.
The regular expression .
matches any character except a line
terminator unless the DOTALL
flag is specified.
By default, the regular expressions ^
and $
ignore
line terminators and only match at the beginning and the end, respectively,
of the entire input sequence. If MULTILINE
mode is activated then
^
matches at the beginning of input and after any line terminator
except at the end of input. When in MULTILINE
mode $
matches just before a line terminator or the end of the input sequence.
Groups and capturing
Group number
Capturing groups are numbered by counting their opening parentheses from
left to right. In the expression ((A)(B(C)))
, for example, there
are four such groups:
-
((A)(B(C)))
-
(A)
-
(B(C))
-
(C)
Group zero always stands for the entire expression.
Capturing groups are so named because, during a match, each subsequence of the input sequence that matches such a group is saved. The captured subsequence may be used later in the expression, via a back reference, and may also be retrieved from the matcher once the match operation is complete.
Group name
A capturing group can also be assigned a "name", a named-capturing group
,
and then be back-referenced later by the "name". Group names are composed of
the following characters. The first character must be a letter
.
- The uppercase letters
'A'
through'Z'
('\u0041'
through'\u005a'
), - The lowercase letters
'a'
through'z'
('\u0061'
through'\u007a'
), - The digits
'0'
through'9'
('\u0030'
through'\u0039'
),
A named-capturing group
is still numbered as described in
Group number.
The captured input associated with a group is always the subsequence
that the group most recently matched. If a group is evaluated a second time
because of quantification then its previously-captured value, if any, will
be retained if the second evaluation fails. Matching the string
"aba"
against the expression (a(b)?)+
, for example, leaves
group two set to "b"
. All captured input is discarded at the
beginning of each match.
Groups beginning with (?
are either pure, non-capturing groups
that do not capture text and do not count towards the group total, or
named-capturing group.
Unicode support
This class is in conformance with Level 1 of Unicode Technical Standard #18: Unicode Regular Expression, plus RL2.1 Canonical Equivalents and RL2.2 Extended Grapheme Clusters.
Unicode escape sequences such as \u2014
in Java source code
are processed as described in section 3.3 of
The Java Language Specification.
Such escape sequences are also implemented directly by the regular-expression
parser so that Unicode escapes can be used in expressions that are read from
files or from the keyboard. Thus the strings "\u2014"
and
"\\u2014"
, while not equal, compile into the same pattern, which
matches the character with hexadecimal value 0x2014
.
A Unicode character can also be represented by using its Hex notation
(hexadecimal code point value) directly as described in construct
\x{...}
, for example a supplementary character U+2011F can be
specified as \x{2011F}
, instead of two consecutive Unicode escape
sequences of the surrogate pair \uD840
\uDD1F
.
Unicode character names are supported by the named character construct
\N{
...}
, for example, \N{WHITE SMILING FACE}
specifies character \u263A
. The character names supported
by this class are the valid Unicode character names matched by
Character.codePointOf(name)
.
Unicode extended grapheme clusters are supported by the grapheme
cluster matcher \X
and the corresponding boundary matcher \b{g}
.
Unicode scripts, blocks, categories and binary properties are written with
the \p
and \P
constructs as in Perl.
\p{
prop}
matches if
the input has the property prop, while \P{
prop}
does not match if the input has that property.
Scripts, blocks, categories and binary properties can be used both inside and outside of a character class.
Scripts are specified either with the prefix Is
, as in
IsHiragana
, or by using the script
keyword (or its short
form sc
) as in script=Hiragana
or sc=Hiragana
.
The script names supported by Pattern
are the valid script names
accepted and defined by
UnicodeScript.forName
.
Blocks are specified with the prefix In
, as in
InMongolian
, or by using the keyword block
(or its short
form blk
) as in block=Mongolian
or blk=Mongolian
.
The block names supported by Pattern
are the valid block names
accepted and defined by
UnicodeBlock.forName
.
Categories may be specified with the optional prefix Is
:
Both \p{L}
and \p{IsL}
denote the category of Unicode
letters. Same as scripts and blocks, categories can also be specified
by using the keyword general_category
(or its short form
gc
) as in general_category=Lu
or gc=Lu
.
The supported categories are those of
The Unicode Standard in the version specified by the
Character
class. The category names are those
defined in the Standard, both normative and informative.
Binary properties are specified with the prefix Is
, as in
IsAlphabetic
. The supported binary properties by Pattern
are
- Alphabetic
- Ideographic
- Letter
- Lowercase
- Uppercase
- Titlecase
- Punctuation
- Control
- White_Space
- Digit
- Hex_Digit
- Join_Control
- Noncharacter_Code_Point
- Assigned
The following Predefined Character classes and POSIX character classes
are in conformance with the recommendation of Annex C: Compatibility Properties
of Unicode Regular Expression
, when UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS
flag is specified.
Classes | Matches |
---|---|
\p{Lower} |
A lowercase character:\p{IsLowercase} |
\p{Upper} |
An uppercase character:\p{IsUppercase} |
\p{ASCII} |
All ASCII:[\x00-\x7F] |
\p{Alpha} |
An alphabetic character:\p{IsAlphabetic} |
\p{Digit} |
A decimal digit character:\p{IsDigit} |
\p{Alnum} |
An alphanumeric character:[\p{IsAlphabetic}\p{IsDigit}] |
\p{Punct} |
A punctuation character:\p{IsPunctuation} |
\p{Graph} |
A visible character: [^\p{IsWhite_Space}\p{gc=Cc}\p{gc=Cs}\p{gc=Cn}] |
\p{Print} |
A printable character: [\p{Graph}\p{Blank}&&[^\p{Cntrl}]] |
\p{Blank} |
A space or a tab: [\p{IsWhite_Space}&&[^\p{gc=Zl}\p{gc=Zp}\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x85]] |
\p{Cntrl} |
A control character: \p{gc=Cc} |
\p{XDigit} |
A hexadecimal digit: [\p{gc=Nd}\p{IsHex_Digit}] |
\p{Space} |
A whitespace character:\p{IsWhite_Space} |
\d |
A digit: \p{IsDigit} |
\D |
A non-digit: [^\d] |
\s |
A whitespace character: \p{IsWhite_Space} |
\S |
A non-whitespace character: [^\s] |
\w |
A word character: [\p{Alpha}\p{gc=Mn}\p{gc=Me}\p{gc=Mc}\p{Digit}\p{gc=Pc}\p{IsJoin_Control}] |
\W |
A non-word character: [^\w] |
Comparison to Perl 5
The Pattern
engine performs traditional NFA-based matching
with ordered alternation as occurs in Perl 5.
Perl constructs not supported by this class:
The backreference constructs,
\g{
n}
for the nthcapturing group and\g{
name}
for named-capturing group.The conditional constructs
(?(
condition)
X)
and(?(
condition)
X|
Y)
,The embedded code constructs
(?{
code})
and(??{
code})
,The embedded comment syntax
(?#comment)
, andThe preprocessing operations
\l
\u
,\L
, and\U
.
Constructs supported by this class but not by Perl:
Character-class union and intersection as described above.
Notable differences from Perl:
In Perl,
\1
through\9
are always interpreted as back references; a backslash-escaped number greater than9
is treated as a back reference if at least that many subexpressions exist, otherwise it is interpreted, if possible, as an octal escape. In this class octal escapes must always begin with a zero. In this class,\1
through\9
are always interpreted as back references, and a larger number is accepted as a back reference if at least that many subexpressions exist at that point in the regular expression, otherwise the parser will drop digits until the number is smaller or equal to the existing number of groups or it is one digit.Perl uses the
g
flag to request a match that resumes where the last match left off. This functionality is provided implicitly by theMatcher
class: Repeated invocations of thefind
method will resume where the last match left off, unless the matcher is reset.In Perl, embedded flags at the top level of an expression affect the whole expression. In this class, embedded flags always take effect at the point at which they appear, whether they are at the top level or within a group; in the latter case, flags are restored at the end of the group just as in Perl.
For a more precise description of the behavior of regular expression constructs, please see Mastering Regular Expressions, 3rd Edition, Jeffrey E. F. Friedl, O'Reilly and Associates, 2006.
- Since:
- 1.4
- See Also:
String.split(String, int)
,String.split(String)
, Serialized Form
-
Field Summary
Modifier and TypeFieldDescriptionstatic int
Enables canonical equivalence.static int
Enables case-insensitive matching.static int
Permits whitespace and comments in pattern.static int
Enables dotall mode.static int
Enables literal parsing of the pattern.static int
Enables multiline mode.static int
Enables Unicode-aware case folding.static int
Enables the Unicode version of Predefined character classes and POSIX character classes.static int
Enables Unix lines mode. -
Method Summary
Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionCreates a predicate that tests if this pattern matches a given input string.Creates a predicate that tests if this pattern is found in a given input string.static Pattern
Compiles the given regular expression into a pattern.static Pattern
Compiles the given regular expression into a pattern with the given flags.int
flags()
Returns this pattern's match flags.matcher(CharSequence input)
Creates a matcher that will match the given input against this pattern.static boolean
matches(String regex, CharSequence input)
Compiles the given regular expression and attempts to match the given input against it.pattern()
Returns the regular expression from which this pattern was compiled.static String
Returns a literal patternString
for the specifiedString
.String[]
split(CharSequence input)
Splits the given input sequence around matches of this pattern.String[]
split(CharSequence input, int limit)
Splits the given input sequence around matches of this pattern.splitAsStream(CharSequence input)
Creates a stream from the given input sequence around matches of this pattern.toString()
Returns the string representation of this pattern.
-
Field Details
-
UNIX_LINES
public static final int UNIX_LINESEnables Unix lines mode.In this mode, only the
'\n'
line terminator is recognized in the behavior of.
,^
, and$
.Unix lines mode can also be enabled via the embedded flag expression
(?d)
.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
CASE_INSENSITIVE
public static final int CASE_INSENSITIVEEnables case-insensitive matching.By default, case-insensitive matching assumes that only characters in the US-ASCII charset are being matched. Unicode-aware case-insensitive matching can be enabled by specifying the
UNICODE_CASE
flag in conjunction with this flag.Case-insensitive matching can also be enabled via the embedded flag expression
(?i)
.Specifying this flag may impose a slight performance penalty.
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
COMMENTS
public static final int COMMENTSPermits whitespace and comments in pattern.In this mode, whitespace is ignored, and embedded comments starting with
#
are ignored until the end of a line.Comments mode can also be enabled via the embedded flag expression
(?x)
.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
MULTILINE
public static final int MULTILINEEnables multiline mode.In multiline mode the expressions
^
and$
match just after or just before, respectively, a line terminator or the end of the input sequence. By default these expressions only match at the beginning and the end of the entire input sequence.Multiline mode can also be enabled via the embedded flag expression
(?m)
.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
LITERAL
public static final int LITERALEnables literal parsing of the pattern.When this flag is specified then the input string that specifies the pattern is treated as a sequence of literal characters. Metacharacters or escape sequences in the input sequence will be given no special meaning.
The flags CASE_INSENSITIVE and UNICODE_CASE retain their impact on matching when used in conjunction with this flag. The other flags become superfluous.
There is no embedded flag character for enabling literal parsing.
- Since:
- 1.5
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
DOTALL
public static final int DOTALLEnables dotall mode.In dotall mode, the expression
.
matches any character, including a line terminator. By default this expression does not match line terminators.Dotall mode can also be enabled via the embedded flag expression
(?s)
. (Thes
is a mnemonic for "single-line" mode, which is what this is called in Perl.)- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
UNICODE_CASE
public static final int UNICODE_CASEEnables Unicode-aware case folding.When this flag is specified then case-insensitive matching, when enabled by the
CASE_INSENSITIVE
flag, is done in a manner consistent with the Unicode Standard. By default, case-insensitive matching assumes that only characters in the US-ASCII charset are being matched.Unicode-aware case folding can also be enabled via the embedded flag expression
(?u)
.Specifying this flag may impose a performance penalty.
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
CANON_EQ
public static final int CANON_EQEnables canonical equivalence.When this flag is specified then two characters will be considered to match if, and only if, their full canonical decompositions match. The expression
"a\u030A"
, for example, will match the string"\u00E5"
when this flag is specified. By default, matching does not take canonical equivalence into account.There is no embedded flag character for enabling canonical equivalence.
Specifying this flag may impose a performance penalty.
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS
public static final int UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASSEnables the Unicode version of Predefined character classes and POSIX character classes.When this flag is specified then the (US-ASCII only) Predefined character classes and POSIX character classes are in conformance with Unicode Technical Standard #18: Unicode Regular Expression Annex C: Compatibility Properties.
The UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS mode can also be enabled via the embedded flag expression
(?U)
.The flag implies UNICODE_CASE, that is, it enables Unicode-aware case folding.
Specifying this flag may impose a performance penalty.
- Since:
- 1.7
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
-
Method Details
-
compile
Compiles the given regular expression into a pattern.- Parameters:
regex
- The expression to be compiled- Returns:
- the given regular expression compiled into a pattern
- Throws:
PatternSyntaxException
- If the expression's syntax is invalid
-
compile
Compiles the given regular expression into a pattern with the given flags.- Parameters:
regex
- The expression to be compiledflags
- Match flags, a bit mask that may includeCASE_INSENSITIVE
,MULTILINE
,DOTALL
,UNICODE_CASE
,CANON_EQ
,UNIX_LINES
,LITERAL
,UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS
andCOMMENTS
- Returns:
- the given regular expression compiled into a pattern with the given flags
- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException
- If bit values other than those corresponding to the defined match flags are set inflags
PatternSyntaxException
- If the expression's syntax is invalid
-
pattern
Returns the regular expression from which this pattern was compiled.- Returns:
- The source of this pattern
-
toString
Returns the string representation of this pattern. This is the regular expression from which this pattern was compiled.
-
matcher
Creates a matcher that will match the given input against this pattern.- Parameters:
input
- The character sequence to be matched- Returns:
- A new matcher for this pattern
-
flags
public int flags()Returns this pattern's match flags.- Returns:
- The match flags specified when this pattern was compiled
-
matches
Compiles the given regular expression and attempts to match the given input against it.An invocation of this convenience method of the form
behaves in exactly the same way as the expressionPattern.matches(regex, input);
Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(input).matches()
If a pattern is to be used multiple times, compiling it once and reusing it will be more efficient than invoking this method each time.
- Parameters:
regex
- The expression to be compiledinput
- The character sequence to be matched- Returns:
- whether or not the regular expression matches on the input
- Throws:
PatternSyntaxException
- If the expression's syntax is invalid
-
split
Splits the given input sequence around matches of this pattern.The array returned by this method contains each substring of the input sequence that is terminated by another subsequence that matches this pattern or is terminated by the end of the input sequence. The substrings in the array are in the order in which they occur in the input. If this pattern does not match any subsequence of the input then the resulting array has just one element, namely the input sequence in string form.
When there is a positive-width match at the beginning of the input sequence then an empty leading substring is included at the beginning of the resulting array. A zero-width match at the beginning however never produces such empty leading substring.
The
limit
parameter controls the number of times the pattern is applied and therefore affects the length of the resulting array.If the limit is positive then the pattern will be applied at most limit - 1 times, the array's length will be no greater than limit, and the array's last entry will contain all input beyond the last matched delimiter.
If the limit is zero then the pattern will be applied as many times as possible, the array can have any length, and trailing empty strings will be discarded.
If the limit is negative then the pattern will be applied as many times as possible and the array can have any length.
The input
"boo:and:foo"
, for example, yields the following results with these parameters:Regex Limit Result : 2 { "boo", "and:foo" }
5 { "boo", "and", "foo" }
-2 { "boo", "and", "foo" }
o 5 { "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }
-2 { "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }
0 { "b", "", ":and:f" }
- Parameters:
input
- The character sequence to be splitlimit
- The result threshold, as described above- Returns:
- The array of strings computed by splitting the input around matches of this pattern
-
split
Splits the given input sequence around matches of this pattern.This method works as if by invoking the two-argument
split
method with the given input sequence and a limit argument of zero. Trailing empty strings are therefore not included in the resulting array.The input
"boo:and:foo"
, for example, yields the following results with these expressions:Regex Result : { "boo", "and", "foo" }
o { "b", "", ":and:f" }
- Parameters:
input
- The character sequence to be split- Returns:
- The array of strings computed by splitting the input around matches of this pattern
-
quote
Returns a literal patternString
for the specifiedString
.This method produces a
Metacharacters or escape sequences in the input sequence will be given no special meaning.String
that can be used to create aPattern
that would match the strings
as if it were a literal pattern.- Parameters:
s
- The string to be literalized- Returns:
- A literal string replacement
- Since:
- 1.5
-
asPredicate
Creates a predicate that tests if this pattern is found in a given input string.- API Note:
- This method creates a predicate that behaves as if it creates a matcher
from the input sequence and then calls
find
, for example a predicate of the form:s -> matcher(s).find();
- Returns:
- The predicate which can be used for finding a match on a subsequence of a string
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
Matcher.find()
-
asMatchPredicate
Creates a predicate that tests if this pattern matches a given input string.- API Note:
- This method creates a predicate that behaves as if it creates a matcher
from the input sequence and then calls
matches
, for example a predicate of the form:s -> matcher(s).matches();
- Returns:
- The predicate which can be used for matching an input string against this pattern.
- Since:
- 11
- See Also:
Matcher.matches()
-
splitAsStream
Creates a stream from the given input sequence around matches of this pattern.The stream returned by this method contains each substring of the input sequence that is terminated by another subsequence that matches this pattern or is terminated by the end of the input sequence. The substrings in the stream are in the order in which they occur in the input. Trailing empty strings will be discarded and not encountered in the stream.
If this pattern does not match any subsequence of the input then the resulting stream has just one element, namely the input sequence in string form.
When there is a positive-width match at the beginning of the input sequence then an empty leading substring is included at the beginning of the stream. A zero-width match at the beginning however never produces such empty leading substring.
If the input sequence is mutable, it must remain constant during the execution of the terminal stream operation. Otherwise, the result of the terminal stream operation is undefined.
- Parameters:
input
- The character sequence to be split- Returns:
- The stream of strings computed by splitting the input around matches of this pattern
- Since:
- 1.8
- See Also:
split(CharSequence)
-