The buffer size may be specified, or the default size may be used. The * default is large enough for most purposes. * *
In general, each read request made of a Reader causes a corresponding * read request to be made of the underlying character or byte stream. It is * therefore advisable to wrap a BufferedReader around any Reader whose read() * operations may be costly, such as FileReaders and InputStreamReaders. For * example, * *
* BufferedReader in
* = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("foo.in"));
*
*
* will buffer the input from the specified file. Without buffering, each
* invocation of read() or readLine() could cause bytes to be read from the
* file, converted into characters, and then returned, which can be very
* inefficient.
*
* Programs that use DataInputStreams for textual input can be localized by * replacing each DataInputStream with an appropriate BufferedReader. * * @see FileReader * @see InputStreamReader * @see java.nio.file.Files#newBufferedReader * * @author Mark Reinhold * @since JDK1.1 */ public class BufferedReader extends Reader { private Reader in; private char cb[]; private int nChars, nextChar; private static final int INVALIDATED = -2; private static final int UNMARKED = -1; private int markedChar = UNMARKED; private int readAheadLimit = 0; /* Valid only when markedChar > 0 */ /** If the next character is a line feed, skip it */ private boolean skipLF = false; /** The skipLF flag when the mark was set */ private boolean markedSkipLF = false; private static int defaultCharBufferSize = 8192; private static int defaultExpectedLineLength = 80; /** * Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses an input buffer of * the specified size. * * @param in A Reader * @param sz Input-buffer size * * @exception IllegalArgumentException If sz is <= 0 */ public BufferedReader(Reader in, int sz) { super(in); if (sz <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Buffer size <= 0"); this.in = in; cb = new char[sz]; nextChar = nChars = 0; } /** * Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses a default-sized * input buffer. * * @param in A Reader */ public BufferedReader(Reader in) { this(in, defaultCharBufferSize); } /** Checks to make sure that the stream has not been closed */ private void ensureOpen() throws IOException { if (in == null) throw new IOException("Stream closed"); } /** * Fills the input buffer, taking the mark into account if it is valid. */ private void fill() throws IOException { int dst; if (markedChar <= UNMARKED) { /* No mark */ dst = 0; } else { /* Marked */ int delta = nextChar - markedChar; if (delta >= readAheadLimit) { /* Gone past read-ahead limit: Invalidate mark */ markedChar = INVALIDATED; readAheadLimit = 0; dst = 0; } else { if (readAheadLimit <= cb.length) { /* Shuffle in the current buffer */ System.arraycopy(cb, markedChar, cb, 0, delta); markedChar = 0; dst = delta; } else { /* Reallocate buffer to accommodate read-ahead limit */ char ncb[] = new char[readAheadLimit]; System.arraycopy(cb, markedChar, ncb, 0, delta); cb = ncb; markedChar = 0; dst = delta; } nextChar = nChars = delta; } } int n; do { n = in.read(cb, dst, cb.length - dst); } while (n == 0); if (n > 0) { nChars = dst + n; nextChar = dst; } } /** * Reads a single character. * * @return The character read, as an integer in the range * 0 to 65535 (0x00-0xffff), or -1 if the * end of the stream has been reached * @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs */ public int read() throws IOException { synchronized (lock) { ensureOpen(); for (;;) { if (nextChar >= nChars) { fill(); if (nextChar >= nChars) return -1; } if (skipLF) { skipLF = false; if (cb[nextChar] == '\n') { nextChar++; continue; } } return cb[nextChar++]; } } } /** * Reads characters into a portion of an array, reading from the underlying * stream if necessary. */ private int read1(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException { if (nextChar >= nChars) { /* If the requested length is at least as large as the buffer, and if there is no mark/reset activity, and if line feeds are not being skipped, do not bother to copy the characters into the local buffer. In this way buffered streams will cascade harmlessly. */ if (len >= cb.length && markedChar <= UNMARKED && !skipLF) { return in.read(cbuf, off, len); } fill(); } if (nextChar >= nChars) return -1; if (skipLF) { skipLF = false; if (cb[nextChar] == '\n') { nextChar++; if (nextChar >= nChars) fill(); if (nextChar >= nChars) return -1; } } int n = Math.min(len, nChars - nextChar); System.arraycopy(cb, nextChar, cbuf, off, n); nextChar += n; return n; } /** * Reads characters into a portion of an array. * *
This method implements the general contract of the corresponding
* {@link Reader#read(char[], int, int) read} method of the
* {@link Reader} class. As an additional convenience, it
* attempts to read as many characters as possible by repeatedly invoking
* the read method of the underlying stream. This iterated
* read continues until one of the following conditions becomes
* true:
read method of the underlying stream returns
* -1, indicating end-of-file, or
*
* ready method of the underlying stream
* returns false, indicating that further input requests
* would block.
*
* read on the underlying stream returns
* -1 to indicate end-of-file then this method returns
* -1. Otherwise this method returns the number of characters
* actually read.
*
* Subclasses of this class are encouraged, but not required, to * attempt to read as many characters as possible in the same fashion. * *
Ordinarily this method takes characters from this stream's character
* buffer, filling it from the underlying stream as necessary. If,
* however, the buffer is empty, the mark is not valid, and the requested
* length is at least as large as the buffer, then this method will read
* characters directly from the underlying stream into the given array.
* Thus redundant BufferedReaders will not copy data
* unnecessarily.
*
* @param cbuf Destination buffer
* @param off Offset at which to start storing characters
* @param len Maximum number of characters to read
*
* @return The number of characters read, or -1 if the end of the
* stream has been reached
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
public int read(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
if ((off < 0) || (off > cbuf.length) || (len < 0) ||
((off + len) > cbuf.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
} else if (len == 0) {
return 0;
}
int n = read1(cbuf, off, len);
if (n <= 0) return n;
while ((n < len) && in.ready()) {
int n1 = read1(cbuf, off + n, len - n);
if (n1 <= 0) break;
n += n1;
}
return n;
}
}
/**
* Reads a line of text. A line is considered to be terminated by any one
* of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return ('\r'), or a carriage return
* followed immediately by a linefeed.
*
* @param ignoreLF If true, the next '\n' will be skipped
*
* @return A String containing the contents of the line, not including
* any line-termination characters, or null if the end of the
* stream has been reached
*
* @see java.io.LineNumberReader#readLine()
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
String readLine(boolean ignoreLF) throws IOException {
StringBuffer s = null;
int startChar;
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
boolean omitLF = ignoreLF || skipLF;
bufferLoop:
for (;;) {
if (nextChar >= nChars)
fill();
if (nextChar >= nChars) { /* EOF */
if (s != null && s.length() > 0)
return s.toString();
else
return null;
}
boolean eol = false;
char c = 0;
int i;
/* Skip a leftover '\n', if necessary */
if (omitLF && (cb[nextChar] == '\n'))
nextChar++;
skipLF = false;
omitLF = false;
charLoop:
for (i = nextChar; i < nChars; i++) {
c = cb[i];
if ((c == '\n') || (c == '\r')) {
eol = true;
break charLoop;
}
}
startChar = nextChar;
nextChar = i;
if (eol) {
String str;
if (s == null) {
str = new String(cb, startChar, i - startChar);
} else {
s.append(cb, startChar, i - startChar);
str = s.toString();
}
nextChar++;
if (c == '\r') {
skipLF = true;
}
return str;
}
if (s == null)
s = new StringBuffer(defaultExpectedLineLength);
s.append(cb, startChar, i - startChar);
}
}
}
/**
* Reads a line of text. A line is considered to be terminated by any one
* of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return ('\r'), or a carriage return
* followed immediately by a linefeed.
*
* @return A String containing the contents of the line, not including
* any line-termination characters, or null if the end of the
* stream has been reached
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*
* @see java.nio.file.Files#readAllLines
*/
public String readLine() throws IOException {
return readLine(false);
}
/**
* Skips characters.
*
* @param n The number of characters to skip
*
* @return The number of characters actually skipped
*
* @exception IllegalArgumentException If n is negative.
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
public long skip(long n) throws IOException {
if (n < 0L) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("skip value is negative");
}
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
long r = n;
while (r > 0) {
if (nextChar >= nChars)
fill();
if (nextChar >= nChars) /* EOF */
break;
if (skipLF) {
skipLF = false;
if (cb[nextChar] == '\n') {
nextChar++;
}
}
long d = nChars - nextChar;
if (r <= d) {
nextChar += r;
r = 0;
break;
}
else {
r -= d;
nextChar = nChars;
}
}
return n - r;
}
}
/**
* Tells whether this stream is ready to be read. A buffered character
* stream is ready if the buffer is not empty, or if the underlying
* character stream is ready.
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
public boolean ready() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
/*
* If newline needs to be skipped and the next char to be read
* is a newline character, then just skip it right away.
*/
if (skipLF) {
/* Note that in.ready() will return true if and only if the next
* read on the stream will not block.
*/
if (nextChar >= nChars && in.ready()) {
fill();
}
if (nextChar < nChars) {
if (cb[nextChar] == '\n')
nextChar++;
skipLF = false;
}
}
return (nextChar < nChars) || in.ready();
}
}
/**
* Tells whether this stream supports the mark() operation, which it does.
*/
public boolean markSupported() {
return true;
}
/**
* Marks the present position in the stream. Subsequent calls to reset()
* will attempt to reposition the stream to this point.
*
* @param readAheadLimit Limit on the number of characters that may be
* read while still preserving the mark. An attempt
* to reset the stream after reading characters
* up to this limit or beyond may fail.
* A limit value larger than the size of the input
* buffer will cause a new buffer to be allocated
* whose size is no smaller than limit.
* Therefore large values should be used with care.
*
* @exception IllegalArgumentException If readAheadLimit is < 0
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
public void mark(int readAheadLimit) throws IOException {
if (readAheadLimit < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Read-ahead limit < 0");
}
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
this.readAheadLimit = readAheadLimit;
markedChar = nextChar;
markedSkipLF = skipLF;
}
}
/**
* Resets the stream to the most recent mark.
*
* @exception IOException If the stream has never been marked,
* or if the mark has been invalidated
*/
public void reset() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
ensureOpen();
if (markedChar < 0)
throw new IOException((markedChar == INVALIDATED)
? "Mark invalid"
: "Stream not marked");
nextChar = markedChar;
skipLF = markedSkipLF;
}
}
public void close() throws IOException {
synchronized (lock) {
if (in == null)
return;
try {
in.close();
} finally {
in = null;
cb = null;
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@code Stream}, the elements of which are lines read from this
* {@code BufferedReader}. The {@link Stream} is lazily populated via
* calls to {@link #readLine()}.
*
*
Each element consumed by the {@code Stream} caused a line to be * read from this {@code BufferedReader}. Since the {@code Stream} does * not necessary consume all lines, it is possible to mix and use * different read methods on a {@code BufferedReader}. Each method will * simply pick up from where it was left on last read. * *
If an {@link IOException} is thrown when accessing the underlying
* {@code BufferedReader}, it is wrapped in an {@link
* UncheckedIOException} which will be thrown from the {@code Stream}
* method that caused the read to take place. For example, when trying to
* read from the {@code Stream} after the {@code BufferedReader} is
* closed, will throw an {@code UnchecheckedIOException}.
*
* @return a {@code Stream